Race and Sex in Latin America

Wade, Peter

doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p9zb

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Independent Ibero-American states have since embraced admixture in various ways. At times admixture has been positively valued, even actively encouraged, usually as a feature of national identity (52,102). At other times, Ibero-American states have aimed at "whitening" their populations by fostering further European immigration, initiatives that (as mentioned above) were particularly successful in the Southern Cone and in Brazil (92).…”

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After independence, in the nineteenth century, colonial legislation on interethnic relations and slavery were gradually abolished across Ibero-America in an effort to favor the republican ideal of the equality of citizens (102). Independent Ibero-American states have since embraced admixture in various ways.…”

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the strongly patriarchal nature of colonial society meant that it was of little consequence for European men to have children out of wedlock, and rates of illegitimacy (usually involving European men and Native or African women) throughout this period were high (53). In relation to African admixture, although slaves (i.e., Africans, as Native Americans were not legally enslaved in Ibero-America) were at the bottom of the social hierarchy, Iberian slavery legislation (rooted in ancient Roman law) allowed for manumission under a range of circumstances, adding another element of fluidity to colonial society (44,91,102). As a result of the rapid increase in the admixed population (who by the eighteenth century were in many places predominant), Iberian law recognized a distinct status for individuals of mixed ancestry, (separate from that of European immigrants, their descendants, natives, or slaves), even attempting to codify a wide range of mixed ancestries (denoted castas in the Spanish Empire).…”

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the developing colonial administration was highly hierarchical and placed Europeans at the top of society, the legal system maintained some flexibility with regard to interethnic relations (86,102). For instance, despite marriage between Europeans and non-Europeans was being eventually forbidden, the law still allowed for a range of exceptions (e.g., the change of ethnicity affiliation through the courts) (102). Furthermore, the strongly patriarchal nature of colonial society meant that it was of little consequence for European men to have children out of wedlock, and rates of illegitimacy (usually involving European men and Native or African women) throughout this period were high (53).…”

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The Genetic Diversity of the Americas

Adhikari

Chacón-Duque

Mendoza‐Revilla

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

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The history of the Americas involved the encounter of millions of Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. A variable admixture of these three continental groups has taken place between them throughout the continent, influenced by demography and a range of social factors. These events have had a major influence on the genetic makeup of populations across the continent. Here, we summarize the demographic history of the region, highlight some social factors that affected historical admixture, and review major patterns of diversity across the Western Hemisphere based on genetic data.2

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Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Admixture In the New Worldmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Genetic Diversity of the Americas

Adhikari

Chacón-Duque

Mendoza‐Revilla

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.

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From Barcelona to Buenos Aires [and Beyond]: The Millanes Sisters as Migrant Performers, 1880–1920

McCleary

2024

European Theatre Migrants in the Age of Empire

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This chapter examines the lives and careers of Dolores “Lola” and Carlota Millanes, Spanish sisters who migrated throughout the Americas in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing from playscripts, newspaper, and magazine articles, this chapter pieces together their story, one which reflected transformations of entertainment in the Americas. Lola and Carlota led spectacular lives, evidencing remarkable agency to serve as cultural diplomats, to make their own business decisions, and to head acting companies and even families, rare for women of the era. They were also privileged by an imperial system of race and ethnicity that placed whiteness at the apex of a racial hierarchy. Lola and Carlota refashioned conceptions of work, motherhood, and national identity from Barcelona to Buenos Aires and beyond.

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The Making of a Field

Fuente¹,

Andrews²

Afro-Latin American Studies

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This volume seeks to introduce readers to the dynamic and growing field of Afro-Latin American studies. We define that field, first, as the study of people of African ancestry in Latin America, and second, as the study of the larger societies in which those people live. Under the first heading, scholars study Black histories, cultures, strategies, and struggles in the region. Under the second, they study blackness, and race more generally, as a category of difference, as an engine of stratification and inequality, and as a key variable in processes of national formation.There are sound historical reasons for both approaches. Of the 10.7 million enslaved Africans who arrived in the New World between 1500 and 1870, almost two-thirds came to colonies controlled by Spain or Portugal (Borucki, Eltis, and Wheat 2015, 440; see also Chapter 2). It was in those territories that slavery lasted for the longest periods of time in the Western Hemisphere, spanning over 350 years. Africans began arriving at the islands of the Caribbean in the early sixteenth century, and slavery was not finally abolished in those islands until 1886, when the last slaves were emancipated in Cuba. Two years later, Brazil became the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery; today it is home to the second-largest Afrodescendant population in the world, exceeded in size only by Nigeria. Close to a million Africans arrived in Cuba during the nineteenth century and over two million in Brazil, a process that helps explain the profound influence that African-based cultural practices have exercised in the formation of national cultures in those two countries and around the region more generally.Yet it was not until quite recently that the scholarship on race, inequality, and racial stratification in Latin America had grown enough to

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Race and Sex in Latin America

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The Genetic Diversity of the Americas

The Genetic Diversity of the Americas

From Barcelona to Buenos Aires [and Beyond]: The Millanes Sisters as Migrant Performers, 1880–1920

The Making of a Field

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