Race and Unemployment: Labor Market Experiences of Black and White Men, 1968-1988

Wilson, Franklin D.; Tienda, Marta; Wu, Lawrence

doi:10.1177/0730888495022003002

Cited by 67 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Tomaskovic-Devey et al (2005) present evidence from a fixed-effects model indicating that black men spend significantly more time searching for work, acquire less work experience, and experience less stable employment than do whites with otherwise equivalent characteristics. Wilson et al (1995) find that, controlling for age, education, urban location, and occupation, black male high school graduates are 70% more likely to experience involuntary unemployment than whites with similar characteristics and that this disparity increases among those with higher levels of education. At more aggregate levels, research points to the persistence of occupational segregation, with racial minorities concentrated in jobs with lower levels of stability and authority and with fewer opportunities for advancement (Parcel & Mueller 1983, Smith 2002.…”

Section: Employmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets

2008

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Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and a wide range of other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. And yet, unlike in the pre-civil rights era, when racial prejudice and discrimination were overt and widespread, today discrimination is less readily identifiable, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. This article reviews the relevant literature on discrimination, with an emphasis on racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit markets, and consumer interactions. We begin by defining discrimination and discussing relevant methods of measurement. We then provide an overview of major findings from studies of discrimination in each of the four domains; and, finally, we turn to a discussion of the individual, organizational, and structural mechanisms that may underlie contemporary forms of discrimination. This discussion seeks to orient readers to some of the key debates in the study of discrimination and to provide a roadmap for those interested in building upon this long and important line of research. Keywordsrace; inequality; measurement; mechanisms; African Americans; racial minorities Persistent racial inequality in employment, housing, and other social domains has renewed interest in the possible role of discrimination. Contemporary forms of discrimination, however, are often subtle and covert, posing problems for social scientific conceptualization and measurement. This article reviews the relevant literature on racial discrimination, providing a roadmap for scholars who wish to build on this rich and important tradition. The charge for this article was a focus on racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit markets, and consumer interactions, but many of the arguments reviewed here may also extend to other domains (e.g., education, health care, the criminal justice system) and to other types of discrimination (e.g., gender, age, sexual orientation). We begin this discussion by defining discrimination and discussing methods for measuring discrimination. We then provide an overview of major findings from studies of discrimination in employment, housing, and credit and consumer markets. Finally, we turn to a discussion of the individual, organizational, and structural mechanisms that may underlie contemporary forms of discrimination.

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Section: Employmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets

2008

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“…Because certain groups are less likely than others to have access to full-time employment, the labor market is a mechanism of socioeconomic stratification (Wilson, Tienda, and Wu 1995). Work also provides a site for building skills and socialization into mainstream norms essential for career advancement (Newman 1999).…”

Section: Work Labor Markets and The Great Recessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Great Recession and America’s geography of unemployment

Thiede

Monnat

2016

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDThe Great Recession of [2007][2008][2009] was the most severe and lengthy economic crisis in the US since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The impacts on the population were multi-dimensional, but operated largely through local labor markets. OBJECTIVETo examine differences in recession-related changes in county unemployment rates and assess how population and place characteristics shaped these patterns. METHODSWe calculate and decompose Theil Indexes to describe recession-related changes in the distribution of unemployment rates between counties and states. We use exploratory spatial statistics to identify geographic clusters of counties that experienced similar changes in unemployment. We use spatial regression to evaluate associations between county-level recession impacts on unemployment and demographic composition, industrial structure, and state context. RESULTSThe recession was associated with increased inequality between county labor markets within states, but declining between-state differences. Counties that experienced disproportionate recession-related increases in unemployment were spatially clustered and characterized by large shares of historically disadvantaged racial and ethnic minority populations, low educational attainment, and heavy reliance on pro-cyclical industries. Associations between these sources of vulnerability were partially explained by unobserved state-level factors. CONCLUSIONSThe local consequences of macroeconomic trends are associated with county population characteristics, and the structural contexts and policy environments in which they are embedded. The recession placed upward pressure on within-state disparities in local labor market conditions. CONTRIBUTIONTo present new estimates of the recession's impact on local labor markets, quantify how heterogeneous impacts affected the distribution of unemployment prevalence, and identify county characteristics associated with disproportionately large recession-related increases in unemployment.

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“…Perceived ethnic discrimination is, for instance, associated with worse mental and physical health (Missinne and Bracke 2012;Pascoe and Richman 2009). Moreover, discrimination makes the acculturation of ethnic minorities more difficult (Berry, Phinney, Sam, and Vedder 2006) and, when considering labour market discrimination, results in socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantages (Wilson, Tienda, and Wu 1995). Specifically, housing market discrimination makes the search for housing more costly and time consuming for ethnic minorities (Roscigno, Karafin, and Tester 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Not-in-My-Property Syndrome: The Occurrence of Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market in Belgium

Bracht

Coenen²,

Putte³

2014

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

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This paper aims at achieving a better understanding of rental housing market discrimination against ethnic minorities. There remain substantial lacunae in the scientific knowledge about the association between the concentration of ethnic minorities in the neighbourhood and discrimination, and possible differences in discrimination based on host society language proficiency. Although these associations have been considered in the U.S., they have been neglected in the European context, which is quite different. A telephone survey offered data on 579 properties that is linked to (1) whether the fictitious ethnic minority candidate masters the host society language or not, (2) the rent of the offered unit, (3) the percentage of minorities in the neighbourhood and (4) the socioeconomic background of the neighbourhood.Using multilevel modelling, we found (1) that host society language proficient migrants are discriminated against as often as non-proficient migrants and found (2) a curvilinear association between rent and discrimination, with more discrimination for both cheaper and more expensive rental offers. We found (3) no association between the presence of minorities in the neighbourhood and the occurrence of discrimination, contrary to previous research in the U.S., and found (4) no association between discrimination and the socioeconomic background of a neighbourhood.

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Race and Unemployment: Labor Market Experiences of Black and White Men, 1968-1988

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets

The Sociology of Discrimination: Racial Discrimination in Employment, Housing, Credit, and Consumer Markets

The Great Recession and America’s geography of unemployment

The Not-in-My-Property Syndrome: The Occurrence of Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market in Belgium

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