Race, Class and the Changing Division of Labour Under Apartheid

Crankshaw, Owen

doi:10.4324/9780203440377

Cited by 112 publications

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“…Schneier investigated this change in occupational structure for South Africa by using data from the South African Manpower Surveys. It would seem then appropriate to examine the changing occupational structure of South Africa using extended data from the Manpower Surveys in work by Crankshaw (1997).…”

Section: Patterns Of Inter-generational Mobility In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also understand the racial division of labour in South Africa through the many studies that have examined its pattern and change through the Apartheid years into the 1990s. Here, specific reference can be made to earlier work done by Simkins and Hindson (1979), and Crankshaw (1997) who examined the changing racial division of labour in South Africa and effectively tracked the advancement of blacks into previously white-dominated occupations during apartheid. More recent work by Seekings and Nattrass (2005) has shown that the post-apartheid period has been characterised by the advancement of blacks into the top professional and managerial jobs that were once the preserve of whites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Inter-generational Occupational Mobility Amongst Blacks in the Mitchell’s Plain Magisterial District, Cape Town: Evidence from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell’s Plain Survey

Ziervogel

Crankshaw

2009

Urban Forum

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This study examines inter-generational occupational class mobility amongst blacks (Africans and coloureds) in the Mitchell's Plain Magisterial District in Cape Town, South Africa. The results of the Khayelitsha/Mitchell's Plain Survey conducted in 2000 serve as the main source of data. We show that middle-class occupational origins do not necessarily guarantee the transmission of advantage from one generation to the next. The findings revealed that there is a churning effect at work with respondents experiencing upward occupational class mobility due to the changing occupational structure, which at the same time is counteracted by considerable downward occupational class mobility. This result is partly due to (1) the particular class structure of the Mitchell's Plain Magisterial District, which excludes many middle-class black areas and therefore has a more working-class character and (2) the precarious character of the black middle class, which is concentrated in low-paid nursing and teaching occupations.

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Section: Patterns Of Inter-generational Mobility In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inter-generational Occupational Mobility Amongst Blacks in the Mitchell’s Plain Magisterial District, Cape Town: Evidence from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell’s Plain Survey

Ziervogel

Crankshaw

2009

Urban Forum

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“…Skill shortages in the late apartheid period led to the steady relaxation of the "colour bar" in employment, especially in the service sector. Growing numbers of African men and women moved into better-paid employment (Crankshaw, 1997). At the same time, deagrarianisation together with a stagnant demand for unskilled labour in urban areas meant that open unemployment rose rapidly.…”

Section: Race Class and Inequality In The South African Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

Race, Class, and Inequality in the South African City

Seekings¹

2011

The New Blackwell Companion to the City

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“…Again, it was unskilled African workers who were excluded from employment. Because capital intensive industry required relatively high skill levels, employment demand favoured skilled white workers and semi-skilled African workers (Crankshaw 1997a;Gelb 1991).…”

Section: Macro-economic Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of using education as an instrument to facilitate economic growth, the apartheid government used it as a way of securing white supremacy in the workplace and of limiting African urbanisation. It did this by restricting the number of secondary schools for Africans in the major metropolitan areas relative to the population demands (Crankshaw 1997a). Although educational reforms from the early 1970s increased the levels of secondary education among urban Africans, the shortage of skills was, and still is, a serious obstacle to productivity and economic growth (Ismail 1995).…”

Section: Domestic Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Causes of Unemployment in Post‐apartheid Johannesburg and the Livelihood Strategies of the Poor

Beall

Crankshaw

Parnell

2000

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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This document is the author's final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. THE CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN POST APARTHEID JOHANNESBURG AND THE LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES OF THE POOR Journal of Economic and Social AbstractCentral to the increase in urban poverty in the post-apartheid period is the rise in unemployment, and this provides our point of departure. In the first section of the paper we show how, although Johannesburg and its environs constitute the industrial and commercial heartland of South Africa, it is a city that has not reached its potential economic development. Having outlined the causes and dimensions of the sluggish economic position we move to consider how the poor survive in Johannesburg through both economic and non-economic strategies. With this in mind we then argue that addressing the current situation of growing poverty and inequality (as well as redressing the legacy of past inequities) requires broad municipal response to urban unemployment. Instead of the current tendency to view poverty simply as the product of income and consumption deprivation, a more broadly defined response to urban poverty reduction based on a livelihoods framework is proposed.

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Race, Class and the Changing Division of Labour Under Apartheid

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

Inter-generational Occupational Mobility Amongst Blacks in the Mitchell’s Plain Magisterial District, Cape Town: Evidence from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell’s Plain Survey

Inter-generational Occupational Mobility Amongst Blacks in the Mitchell’s Plain Magisterial District, Cape Town: Evidence from the Khayelitsha/Mitchell’s Plain Survey

Race, Class, and Inequality in the South African City

The Causes of Unemployment in Post‐apartheid Johannesburg and the Livelihood Strategies of the Poor

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