Race, Ethnicity, and Income Factors Impacting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination rates

Compliance with Age at Initiation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Series by Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Health Insurance Coverage Among 13-17 Year-Old Females Who Received at Least One HPV Vaccine Shot: United States, 2011

“…Consistent with previous studies, we found that females whose mothers were collegeeducated were significantly less likely to initiate on-time compared to those whose mothers had less than 12 years of education (63,65,66). We also found that females whose family income were above poverty level were significantly less likely to initiate on-time compared to those who live below poverty level.…”

“…Kessels and Fishers' findings are inconsistent with a more recent study, where they found that Hispanics and Blacks were more likely to initiate the HPV vaccine series. More recent studies also found that White parents are most likely to delay and refuse the HPV vaccine series for their children (62,63,65). The inconsistencies across studies' results for the association between race/ethnicity and HPV vaccine initiation could explain the reason why we did not find a significant result for race/ethnicity in this study.…”

“…We also found that females whose family income were above poverty level were significantly less likely to initiate on-time compared to those who live below poverty level. Although women with higher SES are more likely to use preventive services compared to their counterparts (75,76,77), several research studies have found that women with higher SES are also more likely to refuse or delay their children's vaccination (62,63,65,66). Possible reasons for this finding could be that parents with higher education and income have heard, read, and/or saw negative aspects about the HPV vaccine in the news through outlets, such as television, radio, Internet, or newspapers (62).…”

Latino Parents’ Awareness and Receipt of the HPV Vaccine for Sons and Daughters in a State with Low Three-Dose Completion

“…Demographic factors that correlate with HPV awareness and uptake include race [6][7][8][9], family income [6][7][8][9], parents' education level [6,9], insurance status [6,8,10,11], and mother's age and marital status [6]. Little is known about factors related to HPV vaccine uptake among Latinos in Utah.…”

Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine uptake or intent among parents of preadolescents and adolescents

“…[2,10] The low vaccination rates among minority groups are attributable to decreased access and utilization of health care, lack of insurance coverages, negative attitudes toward HPV vaccines and a lower likelihood of receiving provider recommendations. [11][12][13] The combination of providers' discussion with young women and their recommendations for vaccination was associated with 93-fold higher likelihood of starting HPV vaccination, whereas strong recommendation alone was associated with a 4-fold higher likelihood of vaccination compared to weak recommendation. [14] Nevertheless, it was reported that only 64% of girls' parents and 42% of boys' parents received recommendations for HPV vaccination.…”