Race, Ethnicity, And The Education Gradient In Health

Kimbro, Rachel Tolbert; Bzostek, Sharon; Goldman, Noreen; Rodrı́guez, Germán

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.27.2.361

Cited by 168 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Second, we note that compared to our other, objective measures of SES, relative income is significant in the full additive models much more often. Our finding that traditional SES measures are not important predictors of self-rated health supports other studies finding suppressed effects of SES on health for immigrants (Goldman et al 2006;Kimbro et al 2008). Moreover, the fact that relative income-a subjective measure of one's income relative to others-is significant suggests that immigrants view their health status more positively when they believe that they fall more favorably along the socioeconomic spectrum compared to other persons living in the United States (Schnittker and McLeod 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Or, immigrants who make more frequent return trips to their countries of origin might report better health because they are also likely to have higher incomes. Research also demonstrates, however, that the relationship between SES and health and health behaviors is unusual for U.S. immigrant groups (Goldman et al 2006;Kimbro et al 2008), and that these "health gradients" are typically flatter for immigrants than for the U.S. born, indicating a reduced salience of SES factors for predicting immigrant health. If this is the case, we may not see much mediation of acculturation measures by SES measures.…”

Section: Explanatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acculturation and Self-Rated Health among Latino and Asian Immigrants to the United States

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The ways in which immigrant health profiles change with shifts in acculturation is of increasing interest to scholars and policy makers in the United States, but little is known about the mechanisms that may link acculturation and self-rated health, particularly for Asians. Utilizing the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) and its data on foreign-born Latinos (N = 1,199) and Asians (N = 1,323) (Pennell et al. 2004), we investigate and compare the associations between acculturation and self-rated health for immigrants to the United States from six major ethnic subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Mexican, Cuban, and Puerto Rican). Using comprehensive measures of acculturation, we demonstrate that across ethnic groups, and despite the widely varying contexts of the sending countries and receiving communities, native-language dominance is associated with worse self-rated health relative to bilingualism, and measures of lower acculturation-coethnic ties and remittances-are associated with better self-rated health; and moreover, these associations are only partially mediated by socioeconomic status, and not mediated by acculturative stress, discrimination, social support, or health behaviors. We speculate that immigrants who maintain a native language while also acquiring English, as has been shown for other immigrant outcomes, attain a bicultural fluency, which also enables good health. Surprisingly, we do not find strong associations between duration of time in the United States or age at migration-measures frequently used to proxy acculturation-with self-rated health. Our findings illustrate the complexity of measuring acculturation and its influence on health for immigrants. University of California Press and

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Explanatory Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acculturation and Self-Rated Health among Latino and Asian Immigrants to the United States

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the analysis presented in this special issue of the Journal of School Health, 3 criteria used for establishing priorities were prevalence and extent of health disparities negatively affecting urban minority youth, evidence of causal effects on educational outcomes, and feasibility of implementing proven or promising school-based programs and policies to address the health problem. Based on these criteria, 7 educationally relevant health disparities were selected as strategic priorities: (1) vision, (2) asthma, (3) teen pregnancy, (4) aggression and violence, (5) physical activity, (6) breakfast, and (7) inattention and hyperactivity. Many other health problems affecting youth are also important, and the particular health problems deemed most important in a given school or school district will vary.…”

Section: Making Health a Fundamental Part Of Elementary And Secondarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the focus here has been on the ways that health factors adversely affect teaching and learning outcomes, there has recently been increasing recognition of the impact that education has on health status. 5,6 Given the mutual goals shared by social institutions concerned with education and health, greater collaboration is needed in developing investments to support an overall research portfolio for youth development.…”

Section: Research Agendamentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthier Students Are Better Learners: High-Quality, Strategically Planned, and Effectively Coordinated School Health Programs Must Be a Fundamental Mission of Schools to Help Close the Achievement Gap

Basch¹

2011

Journal of School Health

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:To discuss implications for educational policy and practice relevant to closing the achievement gap based on the literature review and synthesis presented in 7 articles of the October 2011 special issue of the Journal of School Health. METHODS:Implications for closing the achievement gap are drawn from analyses of current literature. RESULTS:During the past several decades, school reform efforts to close the achievement gap have focused on various strategies, yielding very limited progress. Educationally relevant health disparities influence students' motivation and ability to learn, but reducing these disparities has been largely overlooked as an element of an overall strategy for closing the achievement gap. If these health problems are not addressed, the educational benefits of other school reform efforts will be jeopardized. CONCLUSIONS:Healthier students are better learners. School health programs and services that are evidence based, strategically planned to influence academic achievement, and effectively coordinated warrant validation as a cohesive school improvement initiative for closing the achievement gap. National, state, and local responsibilities for supporting school health are outlined, including shared strategies; leadership from the U.S. Department of Education; policy development; guidance, technical assistance, and professional development; accountability and data and software systems; and a research agenda. To date, the U.S. Department of Education has not provided leadership for integrating evidence-based, strategically planned, and effectively coordinated school health programs and services into the fundamental mission of schools. Now is an opportune time for change.Keywords: child and adolescent health; coordinated school health programs; academic achievement; achievement gap; socioeconomic factors; school reform. Citation: Basch CE. Healthier students are better learners: high-quality, strategically planned, and effectively coordinated school health programs must be a fundamental mission of schools to help close the achievement gap. J Sch Health. 2011; 81: 650-662. E lementary and secondary education for American urban minority youth is in crisis. Levels of academic achievement are far too low. A large proportion of youth drop out before completing high school. Too few who do complete high school attend and complete college. The status quo does not bode well for the economic security and quality of life of future generations or for maintaining the vitality of American democracy.Youth at greatest risk for adverse educational outcomes share many underlying risk factors with youth at greatest risk for adverse health outcomes and largely represent the same segments of the US

show abstract

“…Furthermore, without a US-born reference group, we compared the immigrant duration groups to one another. This comparison tends to reduce statistical power (Kimbro et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Bostean

2015

Social Science & Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies find that longer-term immigrants have higher body mass index (BMI) than their more recently-arrived counterparts. Most interpretations of these health patterns by duration of U.S. residence rely on theories of immigrant integration; they posit that with increasing time in the United States, immigrants incorporate economically, socially, and culturally into aspects of U.S. society, and that these changes impact health. Few studies empirically examine whether these aspects of integration are indeed mediators of the association between duration of U.S. stay and BMI, and if their patterns differ across immigrant subgroups. This study examines data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey, using path analytic methods to simultaneously test six hypothesized mediators between duration and BMI: household income, English language ability, ethnic identity, family cohesion, acculturative stress and discrimination for both Latino and Asian immigrants, stratified by gender. We find little evidence for an association between duration and BMI for either Latino or Asian men. For women, duration and BMI have a significant and positive relationship, although the pathways differ between the two ethnic groups.For Latina women, household income and acculturative stress are significant indirect pathways, although they work in opposing directions. For Asian women, English proficiency and discrimination are significant indirect pathways. Our findings reveal complex pathways between duration and BMI that vary by ethnicity and gender and highlight limitations in the negative acculturation theory, which suggests that exposure to the United States should have a net negative impact on health. In contrast, our findings suggest not all groups show declining health with longer duration, as measured by BMI, and that integration processes do not always translate into health differences in the expected directions. Future research on duration patterns may need to consider alternative explanations beyond incorporation-based processes, such as cross-national health theories or age, period, cohort effects.3

show abstract

Race, Ethnicity, And The Education Gradient In Health

Cited by 168 publications

References 22 publications

Acculturation and Self-Rated Health among Latino and Asian Immigrants to the United States

Acculturation and Self-Rated Health among Latino and Asian Immigrants to the United States

Healthier Students Are Better Learners: High-Quality, Strategically Planned, and Effectively Coordinated School Health Programs Must Be a Fundamental Mission of Schools to Help Close the Achievement Gap

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About