Race, Ethnicity, Risky Lifestyles, and Violent Victimization

Abstract

Empirical studies have established that Blacks and Hispanics are two of the most violently victimized racial/ethnic groups in the United States, but the mechanisms that underlie these disparities in victimization risk are not well understood. This study tests a mediation model developed from criminal opportunity theories that may explain the disparities. Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the results show that Black and Hispanic adolescents were twice as likely as their White counterparts to be violently victimized, and these disparities remained after controlling for demographic characteristics and prior victimization. As to the hypothesized sources of these disparities, there was mixed evidence regarding the mediation model. Although risky lifestyles were significantly related to violent victimization and eliminated all disparities between Black and White youth, they failed to eliminate victimization disparities between Hispanics and White youth. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of theory and victimization prevention.

Minority and Immigrant Youth Exposure to Community Violence: The Differential Effects of Family Management and Peers

“…With respect to youth ETV-C, the literature has emphasized the importance of deviant peers and engaging in unstructured socializing as these interactions increase opportunities for direct victimization and witnessing of violence (Antunes & Ahlin, 2015). Our findings support the idea that friends matter (see Zimmerman, Messner, & Rees, 2014), particularly for immigrant youth from different generations (Jiang & Peguero, 2017), and further suggest that opportunity for ETV-C through peer relationships may depend on race and ethnicity (Madero-Hernandez & Fisher, 2017). Distinctions in levels of unstructured socializing and deviant friendships show that youth are more susceptible to the damaging consequences of both, possibly not only because increased contact with deviant others precipitates instances of delinquency but also because the capacity to self-protect is hindered.…”

“…Restricting unsupervised access to the neighborhood, limiting unstructured socializing with peers, and curbing interactions with deviant peers can reduce youth’s experience with neighborhood violence (Ahlin & Antunes, 2017; Antunes & Ahlin, 2015; Moed, Gershoff, & Bringewatt, 2017). But, although the harmful effects of peer influences may be experienced more deeply by minority youth (see Madero-Hernandez & Fisher, 2017), the deleterious impact of delinquent peers on youth deviance tends to be consistent across immigrant generational status (Jiang & Peguero, 2017).…”

Reviewing Victimology in the Doxing Case of an Indonesian Virtual Youtuber

“…According to Hidenlang, Garofalo, and Gottfredson's theory it is revealed that a person has a great chance of being victimized because of his displayed lifestyle. The theory is quite relevant considering that people with a lifestyle that likes to expose anything in their daily lives tend to have a greater risk of danger (Madero-Hernandez & Fisher, 2017).…”

Victimology Review of Online Gambling Perpetrators in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Law

“…a sweet invitation that finally someone has a curiosity to take part in these online gambling activities. 6 But actually, this online gambling does not arise from an invitation from a bookie but also from how the surrounding environment makes someone interested in trying online gambling. This In addition to a bookie, a person who plays online slot gambling can also be sentenced to a crime in And also Lex dura, sed tamen scripta where the law is cruel, but that's how it's written.…”