Race, Ethnicity, Sex, and Obesity: Is It Time to Personalize the Scale?

Stanford, Fatima Cody; Lee, Minyi; Hur, Chin

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.014

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While BMI is a useful measurement that provides a rapid estimate of body adiposity, it is now accepted that there are racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between BMI and adiposity, and the cutoff values determined for BMI are based on sex and race [ 32 , 33 ]. In addition, increased central adiposity and waist circumference can serve as a predictor for morbidity, independent of BMI [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers

Leachman

Heier²,

Lei³

et al. 2022

Biol Sex Differ

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, the effect of ACEs considering sex and race are not often reported in cohorts showing multiracial composition, with power to evaluate effects on underrepresented populations. Aim To determine how sex and race affected the association of combined and individual ACEs with metabolic health biomarkers in the Southern Community Cohort Study (2012–2015). Methods Self-reported data were analyzed from ACE surveys performed during the second follow-up of a cohort comprised by over 60% of Black subjects and with an overall mean age of 60 years. Results BMI steadily increased with cumulative ACEs among Black and White women, but remained relatively stable in White men with ≥ 4 ACEs. Contrary, Black men showed an inverse association between ACE and BMI. Secondary analysis of metabolic outcomes showed that physical abuse was correlated with a 4.85 cm increase in waist circumference in Black subjects. Total cholesterol increased among individuals with more than 4 ACEs. In addition, increases in HbA1c were associated with emotional and maternal abuse in Black women and sexual abuse in White women. Conclusions BMI is strongly associated with cumulative ACEs in women regardless the race, while waist circumference is strongly associated with ACEs in Black individuals, which combined with reduced BMI may indicate increased central adiposity in Black men. Our study suggests that sex and race influence the contribution of certain ACEs to impair metabolic health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers

Leachman

Heier²,

Lei³

et al. 2022

Biol Sex Differ

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“…The most frequently used screening method is body mass index (BMI), the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, which defines overweight as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 to 29.9 kg/m 2 and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 21 . There is evidence that metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk depends on the distribution of adipose tissue, 22 therefore other assessments such as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, skinfold thickness, bioelectric impedance, and more advanced imaging-based techniques may be better indicators of disease risk than BMI alone, particularly in patients with increased muscle mass and those of non-European descent 23,24 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight regulation in menopause

et al. 2021

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“…11 An analysis that redefined BMI cut points for obesity by sex and race/ethnicity based on association with presence of metabolic risk factors led to different cut points among specific race/ethnicity and sex subgroups. 12…”

Section: Limitations Of Bmimentioning

confidence: 99%