Race, Fear, and Firearms: The Roles of Demographics and Guilt Assuagement in the Creation of a Political Partition

Primm, Eric; Regoli, Robert M.; Hewitt, John D.

doi:10.1007/s12111-008-9066-1

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Ex vivo acute treatment of platelets with estrone or estriol was shown to increase aggregation in response to common agonists [65]. Conversely, 3-month replacement therapy with estrogen induced a decrease in agonist-induced platelet aggregation in treated patients compared to control groups [66]. Accordingly, chronic treatment with high levels of E2 in experimental models (i.e., mice) produced a significant reduction in platelet responsiveness both ex vivo and in vivo, with a simultaneous increase of bleeding time and resistance to thromboembolism [67].…”

Section: Platelets: Evidence Suggesting Sex Differences Sheds Light Omentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex and Gender Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease: Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach (EVA) Study Design

Raparelli

Proietti

Lenzi

et al. 2018

J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res.

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Improvements in ischemic heart disease (IHD) management have been unbalanced between sexes, with coronary microvascular dysfunction considered the likely underlying reason. The Endocrine Vascular disease Approach (EVA) is an observational study (Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02737982) aiming to assess sex and gender interactions between coronary circulation, sexual hormones, and platelet function. Consecutive patients with IHD undergoing coronary angiography will be recruited: (1) to assess sex and gender differences in angiographic reperfusion indexes; (2) to evaluate the effects of estrogen/androgen on sex-related differences in myocardial ischemia; (3) to investigate the platelet biology differences between men and women with IHD; (4) to verify sexand gender-driven interplay between response to percutaneous coronary intervention, platelets, sex hormones, and myocardial damage at baseline and its impact on 12-month outcomes. The integration of sex and gender in this translational project on IHD will contribute to the identification of new targets for further innovative clinical interventions. Keywords Sex. Gender. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. Sex steroid hormones. Platelet function. Clinical outcomes. Myocardial blush grade Abbreviations 1VD One-vessel disease 2VD Two-vessel disease 3VD Three-vessel disease ACS Acute coronary syndrome AR Androgen receptors CAD Coronary artery disease CMD Coronary microvascular dysfunction CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance CVD Cardiovascular disease E2 Estradiol eCRFs Electronic case report forms ER Estrogen receptor GP Glycoprotein IHD Ischemic heart disease INOCA Ischemia and no obstructive CAD MACE Major adverse cardiovascular events MBG Myocardial blush grade MMAS-4 Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-4 Items NOS Nitric oxide synthase NOX2 NADPH oxidase 2 NSTEMI Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention STEMI ST elevation myocardial infarction (c)TFC (corrected) TIMI frame count Associate Editor Enrique Lara-Pezzi oversaw the review of this article

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Section: Platelets: Evidence Suggesting Sex Differences Sheds Light Omentioning

confidence: 95%

Sex and Gender Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease: Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach (EVA) Study Design

Raparelli

Proietti

Lenzi

et al. 2018

J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res.

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“…People of Color have held a minoritized subordinate group identity status throughout history compared to white people with dominate group identity status. Moreover, the use of guns by white people as tools to control and instill terror within minoritized communities can be traced back to colonial times (Primm et al, 2009). By the mid-20th century, little had changed for People of Color in the U.S. (Primm et al, 2009).…”

Section: People Of Color and Firearms Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the use of guns by white people as tools to control and instill terror within minoritized communities can be traced back to colonial times (Primm et al, 2009). By the mid-20th century, little had changed for People of Color in the U.S. (Primm et al, 2009). Jim Crow laws remained along with the use of violence and terror as forms of intimidation.…”

Section: People Of Color and Firearms Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surviving campus carry: A CRT analysis of faculty of color at a Texas public PWI.

Hernández¹

2023

Journal of Diversity in Higher Education

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Throughout history, guns have been used as tools for social control to instill terror within minoritized communities. Campus carry is a current gun law that now allows licensed concealed handgun holders to carry on public college campuses in 11 U.S. states, including Texas (National Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL], 2018). This qualitative study explored how Faculty of Color (FoC) made meaning of their work lives and coped with campus carry at a Texas public predominately White institution (PWI). Utilizing Critical Race Theory (CRT) as a framework, this study centralizes the voices of FoC to expose how the psychological benefits of feeling safe and not living in fear are attached to whiteness and protected by campus carry policies. Through individual interviews, findings revealed FoC were able to survive with campus carry through: (a) Behavioral Changes to Feel Safe, (b) Heightened Surveillance and Anxiety, and (c) Strength and Resiliency. These findings illuminate how PWIs are able to protect white interests and forgo the responsibility to create a safe work environment for FoC. With an increase in the number of racially motivated hate crimes on U.S. college campuses, this study problematizes campus carry policies as a way for PWIs to uphold racist structures and processes where minoritized communities like FoC are left feeling unsafe.

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“…In this context, many white Americans believe that guns make people safer (Branscombe, Weir, and Crosby 1991;Celinska 2007;Cunningham et al 2000;Dowd-Arrow, Hill, and Burdette 2019;Hill et al 2020aHill et al , 2020bHill et al , 2020cHill et al , 2022Warner and Thrash 2020). Because crime is often racialized by politicians, the media, the NRA, and popular culture through the use of dog whistle politics, white Americans often entertain irrational fears of being victimized by people of color, specifically African American men (Bjornstrom et al 2010;Carlson 2020;Cho and Ho 2018;Flores-Yeffal, Vidales, and Martinez 2019;Haney-L opez 2014;Melzer 2009;Primm, Regoli, and Hewitt 2009;Quillian and Pager 2001;Schrock et al 2017;Skogan 1995;Smiley and Fakunle 2016;Stroud 2012Stroud , 2016. Interestingly, fear of crime can actually motivate white Americans to buy guns (Anuradha 2017;Stroebe, Leander, and Kruglanski 2017;Young 1985) and to endorse policies that loosen gun regulations (Filindra and Kaplan 2017;Frum 2012;Kohut 2015).…”

Section: Symbolic Racism and Gun Policy Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Resentment and the Gun Policy Preferences of White Americans

Dowd‐Arrow

Hill

Tope

et al. 2023

Sociological Inquiry

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Although several studies have examined race differences in gun‐related attitudes, researchers are only beginning to explore how racial attitudes might contribute to the gun policy preferences of white Americans. While many white Americans tend to oppose firearm restrictions, it is unclear whether racialized policy preferences tend to support these leanings. Our analysis of national data from Wave 4 of the Baylor Religion Survey (n = 1,063) indicates that white Americans who report more implicit resentment are more likely to support policies that would increase the number of armed people in schools and allow more people to carry concealed firearms and less likely to support policies that would limit the possession of handguns, semiautomatic weapons, and high‐capacity magazines. Interestingly, white Americans who report more implicit resentment are also less likely to support policies that would expand gun safety programs and background checks that include mental health screenings. These associations persisted with adjustments for age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, household income, marital status, the presence of children, religious identity, religiosity, political orientation, region of residence, and urban residence. We conclude that implicit resentment is consistently associated with less restrictive and more precarious gun policy preferences among white Americans. These patterns are noteworthy because they support the same general conclusion: white Americans who report more implicit resentment tend to want more guns in society with fewer legal restrictions related to access and safety.

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Race, Fear, and Firearms: The Roles of Demographics and Guilt Assuagement in the Creation of a Political Partition

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Sex and Gender Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease: Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach (EVA) Study Design

Sex and Gender Differences in Ischemic Heart Disease: Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach (EVA) Study Design

Surviving campus carry: A CRT analysis of faculty of color at a Texas public PWI.

Implicit Resentment and the Gun Policy Preferences of White Americans

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