Race‐related population attributable fraction of preventable risk factors of dementia: A Latino population‐based study

Abstract

Background: Risk factors for dementia have distinct frequency and impact in relation to race. Our aim was to identify differences in modifiable risk factors of dementia related to races and estimate their population attributable fraction (PAF).Methods: An epidemiological cohort was used to estimate the prevalence of 10 modifiable risk factors for dementia among five races-White, Black, Brown, Asian, and Indigenous. Sample weighting was used to estimate the prevalence and PAF of each risk factor in each race.Results: A total of 9070 individuals were included. Overall adjusted PAF was the lowest in Indigenous (38.9%), and Asian individuals (41.2%). Race-related prevalence of individual risk factors was widely variable in our population, but hearing loss was the most important contributor to the overall PAF in all races.Conclusions: Public policies aiming to reduce preventable risk factors for dementia should take into consideration the race of the target populations.

The (in)visible Brazilians: A perspective review on the need for brain health and dementia research with Brazilian immigrants in the United States

“…61 Additional evidence also indicates a similar pattern in the prevalence of dementia risk factors between Black, Brown, and White individuals in Brazil. 62 However, the authors report Black and Brown Brazilian populations to present more risk factors related to socioeconomic inequality, such as higher rates of illiteracy and lower family income. 62 It is important to consider the differences in ethnoracial identity and categorization in Brazil and in the United States, 63 aspects that may influence how Brazilian individuals self-identify and are perceived in the United States.…”

“…62 However, the authors report Black and Brown Brazilian populations to present more risk factors related to socioeconomic inequality, such as higher rates of illiteracy and lower family income. 62 It is important to consider the differences in ethnoracial identity and categorization in Brazil and in the United States, 63 aspects that may influence how Brazilian individuals self-identify and are perceived in the United States. Beyond the challenges of Latinx identity among many Brazilians in the United States, mentioned earlier, differences in race identity may vary across countries as race can be considered a social construct and a proxy for exposure to systemic racism.…”

“… 61 Additional evidence also indicates a similar pattern in the prevalence of dementia risk factors between Black, Brown, and White individuals in Brazil. 62 However, the authors report Black and Brown Brazilian populations to present more risk factors related to socioeconomic inequality, such as higher rates of illiteracy and lower family income. 62 …”

“… 62 However, the authors report Black and Brown Brazilian populations to present more risk factors related to socioeconomic inequality, such as higher rates of illiteracy and lower family income. 62 …”

Dementia risk factors in Chilean adults are distinctively associated with social determinants of health. Cross sectional study

“…Closely related to aging, the number of people living with dementia is forecasted to increase between 80% and 240% in the next three decades in LAC countries, which is higher than the projections for the US or European countries 2 . However, these projections underestimate the effects of possible changes in the exposure to modi able risk factors for dementia over time, which account for 45% 3 to 56% [4][5][6] of the dementia cases attributed to these risk factors in LAC, a higher proportion than those estimated in other world regions [3][4][5][6] . Therefore, there is a great opportunity for improving dementia prevention in LACs.…”