Race, Skin Tone, and Wealth Inequality in America

Herring, Cedric; Hynes, Anthony

doi:10.1007/978-94-6351-110-0_1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Dating back to the institution of slavery, the differential treatment of people based on their skin tone and phenotypic characteristics has significantly shaped the life chances and outcomes among Black people (Monk, 2014). Black people with lighter skin tones are often afforded more privileges and viewed as attractive, civil, and intelligent, whereas society often views Black people with darker skin tones and Afrocentric features as unattractive, mean, and unintelligent (Herring & Haynes, 2017; Hunter, 2016; Landor, 2017; Maddox & Gray, 2002). Furthermore, Black people with lighter skin tones have more wealth (Goldsmith et al, 2006; Herring & Haynes, 2017), higher levels of occupational prestige (Keith & Herring, 1991; Reece, 2018), higher levels of education (Monk, 2014), lower levels of social rejection (Hebl et al, 2012), and better health outcomes (Slaughter-Acey et al, 2020) as compared to Black individuals with darker skin tones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the legacies of slavery is a color caste system based on the continuum of skin tones that determine the social worth of people (Herring & Haynes, 2017; Jablonski, 2012). Dating back to the institution of slavery, the differential treatment of people based on their skin tone and phenotypic characteristics has significantly shaped the life chances and outcomes among Black people (Monk, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Black people with lighter skin tones are often afforded more privileges and viewed as attractive, civil, and intelligent, whereas society often views Black people with darker skin tones and Afrocentric features as unattractive, mean, and unintelligent (Herring & Haynes, 2017; Hunter, 2016; Landor, 2017; Maddox & Gray, 2002). Furthermore, Black people with lighter skin tones have more wealth (Goldsmith et al, 2006; Herring & Haynes, 2017), higher levels of occupational prestige (Keith & Herring, 1991; Reece, 2018), higher levels of education (Monk, 2014), lower levels of social rejection (Hebl et al, 2012), and better health outcomes (Slaughter-Acey et al, 2020) as compared to Black individuals with darker skin tones. However, it is important to note that these findings do not suggest that lighter-skinned Black individuals are exempt from experiencing racial discrimination; instead, the findings acknowledge that darker-skinned individuals face racial experience and the additional stressor of colorism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“That Conversation within the Conversation”: A Mixed Methods Study of Skin Tone and Black Parents’ Racial Socialization

Lloyd

2023

Journal of Family Issues

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This study examines whether there is a relation between assigned skin tone and parental racial socialization of their young children (ages 5–8). The concurrent mixed methods design combined quantitative and qualitative findings to explore the complexity and role skin tones play in Black parents’ messages to their children. In the quantitative strand, 178 Black parents completed a survey and questionnaire. The qualitative strand consisted of a one-on-one interview with 10 parents from the quantitative sample. Quantitative findings revealed that parents who assigned a light skin tone to their children engaged in more specific types of racial socialization than those who assigned a darker skin tone to their children. Analysis of qualitative interviews revealed parents’ unique messages based on assigned skin tones. Data from the two strands were integrated using a weaving approach that compared findings from both strands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“That Conversation within the Conversation”: A Mixed Methods Study of Skin Tone and Black Parents’ Racial Socialization

Lloyd

2023

Journal of Family Issues

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The Effectiveness of Aided AAC Modeling for Belizean Children: A Case Study

Brock

Thomas

2021

Perspect ASHA SIGs

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Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions have been deemed efficacious. However, even with the medium to large effect sizes, there is a paucity of research investigating the effects of aided modeling on expressive outcomes for children from multicultural and multilingual backgrounds. Method This case series study examined the effectiveness of aided AAC modeling on aided and unaided expressive output (i.e., one- and two-symbol messages) in three children from different cultures in Belize (one Creole and two Mestizo) in a preschool-like group setting. Additionally, treatment intensity metrics (i.e., number of sessions, number of minutes, and number of aided/unaided models) were analyzed to determine whether this was an appropriate intensity for children in Belize. Results Results indicated that all children increased their aided and unaided symbol message production within five intervention sessions lasting 180 min per day (15 hr total). Additionally, the average number of aided/unaided models, sampled several times over the course of 5 days, was 43.75 per 15-min period. Conclusions Aided AAC modeling intervention was beneficial for these children. However, the length of each session (3 hr) may have negatively impacted expressive outcomes. The number of models per 15-min period was beneficial and in line with previous research outcomes. The multicultural clinical implications are also discussed.

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“Light-skinned people always win”: An Autoethnography of Colorism in a Mother–Daughter Relationship

Moffitt

2020

Women, Gender, and Families of Color

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Meghan Burke defines colorism as “the allocation of privilege and disadvantage according to the lightness or darkness of one’s skin” (International Encyclopedia of the Social Social Sciences, 2nd ed.). The intraracial practice can be heightened in familial interactions. This collaborative autoethnography utilizes Alice Walker’s framework of womanism to explore the narratives of colorism in a mother–daughter relationship when the two do not share the same skin hue. Womanism instructs us to break our silence around practices that denigrate us and seek ways to survive and thrive in our blackness. Four specific incidents experienced by my adolescent daughter are shared to critique colorism and consider strategies for navigating this practice and sustaining a mother–daughter relationship.

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Race, Skin Tone, and Wealth Inequality in America

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

“That Conversation within the Conversation”: A Mixed Methods Study of Skin Tone and Black Parents’ Racial Socialization

“That Conversation within the Conversation”: A Mixed Methods Study of Skin Tone and Black Parents’ Racial Socialization

The Effectiveness of Aided AAC Modeling for Belizean Children: A Case Study

“Light-skinned people always win”: An Autoethnography of Colorism in a Mother–Daughter Relationship

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