Race–status associations: Distinct effects of three novel measures among White and Black perceivers.

Dupree, Cydney H.; Torrez, Brittany; Obianuju, Obioha; Fiske, Susan T.

doi:10.1037/pspa0000257

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(245 reference statements)

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“…Finally, there could be an effect of status, as perceptions of race and status are related (Dupree et al, 2021;Penner & Saperstein, 2008). For example, Middle-Eastern and Asian Americans are stereotyped as rich while Black and Latino Americans are stereotyped as poor (Ghavami & Peplau, 2013); we found the greatest gender differences in the targets that are stereotyped as wealthier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Sexual Orientation and Race Intersectionally Reduce the Perceived Gendered Nature of Normative Stereotypes in the United States

Stj¹,

Ghani²

2021

Preprint

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There is substantial research on the nature and impact of gender prescriptive stereotypes. However, there has been relatively little work on whether these stereotypes are equally applicable to men and women of different identities. Across two studies (total N = 1074), we assessed gender prescriptive stereotypes intersectionality in an American context, for men and women of different sexual orientations (Study 1) and races (Study 2). Results show strong evidence of a straight-centric bias, as prescriptive stereotypes of men and women most closely aligned with those of straight men and women, but limited evidence for a White-centric bias. Furthermore, observed gender differences in prescriptive stereotypes were smaller or non-existent for sexual and ethnic minority targets compared to straight and White targets, suggesting that theories around the dyadic nature of gender stereotypes between men and women might be restricted to straight and White men and women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Sexual Orientation and Race Intersectionally Reduce the Perceived Gendered Nature of Normative Stereotypes in the United States

Stj¹,

Ghani²

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Critically, who is considered “lazy” is often influenced by racial stereotypes whereby Black = lazy and White = hardworking (e.g., Devine & Elliot, 1995; Dupree et al, 2020; Katz & Braly, 1933). Thus, racialized beliefs that welfare recipients are lazy may shape people’s attitudes toward welfare programs and policies without directly mentioning the race of the recipient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Interplay Between Race, Work Ethic Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policies

Brown-Iannuzzi

Cooley

Marshburn

et al. 2021

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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The current research investigates the role of racialized work ethic stereotypes on attitudes toward welfare. We hypothesized that work ethic stereotypes shape both people’s attitudes toward welfare and their perceptions of who benefits from these policies. Consistent with hypotheses, when the demographic composition of welfare recipients was majority Black (vs. White), participants thought recipients were lazier and were less positive to welfare programs and policies (Study 1). Describing welfare recipients as hardworking (vs. no information control) mitigated this effect, even when the demographic composition of welfare recipients was majority Black (Study 2). Finally, we investigated whether work ethic stereotypes shape both attitudes toward welfare and spontaneous mental images of recipients. Images generated when participants were asked to envision hardworking (vs. lazy) recipients were rated by a separate sample as more representative of White Americans and garnered more support for providing welfare benefits (Study 3).

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“…Failing to acknowledge the presence and needs of people of color can also result in much more tangible outcomes, such as overcrowded schools and inaccessible polling places. Beyond the impact that being treated as second-class citizens has on people of color, we argue that this form of microaggression potentially sets up and reinforces the expectation that White people are entitled to priority over people of color (Dupree et al, 2020). This is critical because, starting in childhood, humans tend to favor the status quo—believing that the way things are is the way they should be (e.g., Roberts et al, 2018; Roberts, Gelman, & Ho, 2017; Roberts, Ho, & Gelman, 2017).…”

Section: Establishing White Superioritymentioning

confidence: 65%

How Microaggressions Reinforce and Perpetuate Systemic Racism in the United States

Skinner-Dorkenoo

Sarmal

André

et al. 2021

Perspect Psychol Sci

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The consequences of racial microaggressions are most often discussed at an interpersonal level. In this article, we contend that microaggressions play an important role in maintaining systems of racial oppression beyond the interpersonal context. Specifically, we illustrate how microaggressions establish White superiority in the United States by othering people of color (e.g., treating people of color as if they are not true citizens) and communicating that they are inferior (e.g., environmental exclusions and attacks, treating people of color as second-class citizens). We also present evidence that microaggressions play a role in protecting and reinforcing systemic racism. By obscuring systemic racism (e.g., false color blindness, denial of individual racism) and promoting ideas that maintain existing systemic inequalities (e.g., the myth of meritocracy, reverse-racism hostility), microaggressions provide cover and support for established systems of oppression. Overall, we find considerable evidence—from both empirical studies and real-world examples—that microaggressions contribute to the maintenance of systems of racial oppression in the United States. We conclude with a discussion of how we might begin to challenge this cycle by increasing awareness of systemic racism and the microaggressions that aid in its perpetuation.

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Race–status associations: Distinct effects of three novel measures among White and Black perceivers.

Abstract: for their thoughtful comments on an early draft of this manuscript. We also thank Fariba Ghayebi, Ali Bray, Bennett Callaghan, Breana Rucker, and Sidney Saint-Hilaire for their invaluable assistance with this research.

Cited by 52 publications

References 147 publications

Sexual Orientation and Race Intersectionally Reduce the Perceived Gendered Nature of Normative Stereotypes in the United States

Sexual Orientation and Race Intersectionally Reduce the Perceived Gendered Nature of Normative Stereotypes in the United States

Investigating the Interplay Between Race, Work Ethic Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Welfare Recipients and Policies

How Microaggressions Reinforce and Perpetuate Systemic Racism in the United States

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