Race to unravel Oklahoma’s artificial quakes

Witze, Alexandra

doi:10.1038/520418a

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, the conventional treatment methods mentioned are not efficient enough especially when the sample involved has oil droplets that dispersed finely and low in concentration. The conventional way of produced water purification before was primarily involve the separation of oil and water physically by making use of gravity and the effluent was subsequently dump to the environment [9].…”

Section: Conventional Treatment Methods Of Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Filtration Over Conventional Technology

Nazirah¹,

Yusof²,

Aziz³

et al. 2017

MJAS

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The oil and gas industry has been a constant developing industry as it is of importance to the maintenance of industrial civilization in its current configuration and play vital roles in many other industries. Some oil and gas industry operations have been accountable of water contamination through by-results of refining and oil slicks. One of the biggest by-products that have raised a critical environment concern is oilfield produced water. Oilfield produced water (OPW) is coproduced aqua liquid phase which originate from well alongside oil phases in normal production process. The content of OPW consists of different type of organic and inorganic mix. Discarding this kind of wastewater can lead to surface pollution especially on water sources as well as soil. Hence, to meet environmental regulations as well as reuse and recycling of produced water, many researchers have focused on treating oily saline produced water. Conventional technologies used to treat produced water consist of clarifiers, dissolved air flotation, hydro cyclones, and disposable filters/absorbers. Typically, additional chemicals for coagulation or settling are needed which are expensive and are incapable of achieving recently required standards of cleanliness. Therefore, researchers have swung to membrane filtration plans because of their capability to minimize extra expenses and surpass issues connected with current advances. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the current and developed membrane technology used in treating the oilfield produced wastewater and its current progress.Keywords: oilfield produced water, membrane filtration, mixed matrix membrane, oily wastewater Abstrak Industri minyak dan gas telah menjadi industri membangun berterusan kerana ia adalah penting untuk mengekalkan tamadun perindustrian dalam konfigurasi semasa dan memainkan peranan penting dalam banyak industri lain. Sesetengah operasi industri minyak dan gas telah dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas pencemaran air melalui tindakan penapisan dan minyak tumpahan. Salah satu yang produk sampingan yang terbesar yang telah menimbulkan kebimbangan persekitaran kritikal adalah air yang dihasilkan medan minyak. Air yang dihasilkan dari medan minyak (OPW) adalah dihasilkan bersama fasa cecair dan fasa minyak yang berasal dari telaga minyak dalam proses pengeluaran normal. Kandungan OPW terdiri daripada pelbagai jenis campuran organik dan bukan organik. Pembuangan jenis air sisa ini boleh membawa kepada pencemaran permukaan terutamanya kepada sumber air dan tanah. Oleh itu, untuk memenuhi peraturan-peraturan alam sekitar serta penggunaan semula dan kitar semula air yang dihasilkan, ramai penyelidik telah memberi tumpuan kepada merawat air masin yang dihasilkan dari medan minyak ini. Teknologi konvensional yang digunakan untuk merawat air yang dihasilkan terdiri daripada clarifiers, pengapungan udara terlarut, siklon hidro dan penapis boleh guna/penyerap. Biasanya, bahan kimia tambahan untuk pembekuan

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Section: Conventional Treatment Methods Of Oilfield Produced Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Filtration Over Conventional Technology

Nazirah¹,

Yusof²,

Aziz³

et al. 2017

MJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hydraulic fracturing operations very rarely trigger earthquakes large enough to be felt by humans, principally because pressurisation affects a relatively small volume of rock for a short period of time (a few hours; Ellsworth, 2013). However, wastewater injection wells operate for years, sometimes injecting large volumes of wastewater that could affect large volumes of rock over large areas, and could induce a significant earthquake (McGarr, 2014;Witze 2015). Thus, microseismic and structural geology baseline studies in the Karoo before gas exploration are essential, and thereafter, induced seismic maps must be developed for the Karoo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%