This article describes the preparation of the unnatural arsonolipids 7-9, pseudo arsonolipids 10 and 11, and arsinolipids 12-14 (Fig. 3). Their preparation was motivated by the unique properties of the arsenic compared to phosphorus atom of the -AsO 3 H 2 and >AsO 2 H groups. It was anticipated that these lipids will show interesting physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties. Two key points in their preparation have been identified and studied: the preparation of the precursor hydroxy-containing arsonic and arsinic acids and their subsequent acylation to the corresponding arsono-and arsinolipids. The most intensively studied were the arsonolipids 7 which showed quite interesting physical properties forming in water super structures and interacted with carbonic anhydrase and phospholipase A 2 . They formed arsonoliposomes either in the absence or in the presence of cholesterol and a phospholipid. The latter arsonoliposomes alone, i.e. in the absence of a trapped drug, revealed quite promising selective toxicity against protozoal parasites, various cancer cells in vitro and prostate cancer in vivo.