Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Physical Abuse Reporting and Child Protective Services Interventions in the United States

Physical Abuse in U.S. Children: Risk Factors and Deficiencies in Referrals to Support Services

“…Clinically and statistically significant factors in bivariate analyses were included in multivariable analyses: race and ethnicity, age, gender, single-parent home, domestic violence, parental alcohol or drug use, child behavior problems, public assistance receipt, child medical problems, and parental mental health problems. Because multiple racial and ethnic disparities were identified that warranted a separate analysis and consideration, these findings are reported and addressed in a separate article (Dakil, Cox, Lin, & Flores, 2011). Race and ethnicity was maintained in the multivariable regression as a control variable.…”

Asian-Canadian children and families involved in the child welfare system in Canada: A mixed methods study

“…In Canada and the United States, where child welfare is an established system of protection, Asian populations are found to be under-represented in child welfare services, compared to all other ethno-racial groups (Dakil, Cox, Lin, & Flores, 2011;Fluke et al, 2003;Hill, 2007). When involved in the child welfare system, Asian/Pacific Islanders have the highest proportions of reported physical abuse compared to all other ethno-racial groups in the United States (Dakil et al, 2011).…”

“…In Canada and the United States, where child welfare is an established system of protection, Asian populations are found to be under-represented in child welfare services, compared to all other ethno-racial groups (Dakil, Cox, Lin, & Flores, 2011;Fluke et al, 2003;Hill, 2007). When involved in the child welfare system, Asian/Pacific Islanders have the highest proportions of reported physical abuse compared to all other ethno-racial groups in the United States (Dakil et al, 2011). Furthermore, Asian/Pacific Islanders were less likely to receive child protective service interventions such as family preservation, mental health, and substance abuse than other ethno-racial groups involved in the child welfare system for physical abuse in the United States (Dakil et al, 2011).…”

Cross-Cultural Validity of Actuarial Risk Assessment Instruments for Individuals in North America with a History of Sexual Offending: Static-99R and Static-2002R

“…In addition, consistent with the previous findings with men convicted of sexual crimes (Cooper et al, 1996;Fix et al, 2017;Murphy et al, 2001), Whites who commit sexual crimes reported more experiences of sexual and physical abuse during childhood compared to Blacks. The high rates of childhood sexual and physical abuse among Whites contrasts with population data showing that the rates of child sexual and physical abuse are higher for Blacks males (16.5% and 25%, respectively) than Whites males (7.2% and 20%; Dakil, Cox, Lin, & Flores, 2011;Stoltenborgh, van IJzendoorn, Euser, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011). These findings suggest that the sexually abused-sexual abuser hypothesis may be more relevant for Whites than Blacks.…”