Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Chronic Stress among Male Caregivers

Abstract

Whereas research on caregiving is well documented, less is known about gender inequalities in caregiver stress, coping mechanisms, and health outcomes, all of which may vary by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This scoping review investigated racial and ethnic disparities using the Stress Process Model among male caregivers. Several databases were searched including Academic Search Premier, Medline Complete, APA PsycInfo, CINHAL, Google, ProQuest, and Web of Science. Included were peer-reviewed articles in English, published from 1990 to 2022. A total of nine articles fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of the articles indicated that compared to White male caregivers, African American male caregivers provided more hours of care, assisted with more activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and experienced more financial stress. In terms of coping style, one study found African American male caregivers, compared to White male caregivers, held negative religious beliefs. Another study showed that they were at a higher risk for stroke than their White counterparts. The search revealed a dearth of studies on racial disparities in stress, coping, and health outcomes among male caregivers. Further research is needed on the experiences and perspectives of male minority caregivers.

Care model selection for older adult stroke survivors with disabilities: insights from the eighth wave of CLHLS data and influencing factors

“…Unlike for other progressive diseases, someone who has experienced a stroke has unpredictable care needs ( 7 ), and therefore caregivers must be adequately prepared for the discharge of the patient from hospital and capable of providing long-term care ( 8 , 9 ), which often involves dedicating themselves entirely to this role. Family members inevitably experience the impact of the disease themselves ( 10 ), and the prolonged intensive caregiving duties can negatively affect their mental health and quality of life, in addition to imposing a significant financial burden ( 11 , 12 ). In particular, partners and spouses are at a high risk of anxiety and depression ( 13 ).…”