Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Medical School Admissions in Canada

Abstract

ImportanceMedical schools promote admission pathways as well as diversity and inclusivity to prospective students who are underrepresented in medicine (UIM) primarily via their websites. Research from organizational structures supports the use of instrumental values (which focus on behavior and core beliefs), rather than terminal values (which focus on the end goal), to promote diversity.ObjectiveTo characterize the use of instrumental and terminal values to promote institutional diversity and inclusivity on Canadian medical school websites.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study analyzed the contents and themes of Canadian medical school websites based on a theoretical value framework and an organizational diversity management framework. A literature review was conducted to explore the use of instrumental and terminal values in promoting diversity and inclusivity, and a codebook was created that outlined the characteristics of these values. The content of all application pathway websites for UIM applicants to all Canadian medical schools was coded between July and August 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUse of terminal vs instrumental values across the UIM-targeted admission websites of medical schools.ResultsTwenty-two websites for 17 Canadian medical schools were included. Content on most of these websites promoted diversity in response to government policies or public accountability and often supported a dominant culture while treating diversity as an exception. The use of terminal rather than instrumental values was also more prominent on websites that targeted Indigenous prospective students compared with Black prospective students and applicants with lower socioeconomic status (11 [50%] websites vs 5 [23%] and 4 [18%] websites). Instrumental values, although seldom used, promoted diversity as a means to improve health care and training for all students in a program.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this qualitative study suggested that medical schools in Canada promoted diversity and inclusivity to prospective students primarily as an end goal rather than as a core value. Medical schools should highlight the benefits of diverse lived experiences and reinforce their commitment to diversity and inclusion by aligning their website content with their ongoing work in this area.

Diversity in Mission Statements and Among Students at US Medical Schools Accredited Since 2000

“…This finding was consistent for both osteopathic and allopathic schools and public and private institutions. Similarly, in an analysis of websites of Canadian medical schools, most institutions included diversity language in response to public calls and government regulations but perpetuated established values and practices, relegating diversity to a peripheral role rather than integrating it as the norm . Educational psychologists have described a flattening phenomenon whereby diversity is frequently discussed but seldom put into practice .…”