2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01263-y
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Racial and socioeconomic disparities in breast milk feedings in US neonatal intensive care units

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Cited by 49 publications
(33 citation statements)
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References 138 publications
(202 reference statements)
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“…The AAP recommends effective and efficient double electric breast pumps for mothers of VLBW infants to maximize and maintain milk expression at the hospital and at home [ 9 ]. Policies that more broadly support families, including paid family leave, ensuring a livable wage through universal basic income or raising the minimum wage, and housing and educational support would also help mediate the economic burden associated with the provision of mother’s own milk [ 39 , 48 ]. Similarly, since previously cited concerns regarding the safety of DHM have been adequately addressed, including DHM as a WIC-eligible specialty nutritional product, when medically indicated, would increase access for low-income families, further reducing disparities in DHM availability.…”
Section: Steps To Advance Access To Donor Human Milkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The AAP recommends effective and efficient double electric breast pumps for mothers of VLBW infants to maximize and maintain milk expression at the hospital and at home [ 9 ]. Policies that more broadly support families, including paid family leave, ensuring a livable wage through universal basic income or raising the minimum wage, and housing and educational support would also help mediate the economic burden associated with the provision of mother’s own milk [ 39 , 48 ]. Similarly, since previously cited concerns regarding the safety of DHM have been adequately addressed, including DHM as a WIC-eligible specialty nutritional product, when medically indicated, would increase access for low-income families, further reducing disparities in DHM availability.…”
Section: Steps To Advance Access To Donor Human Milkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This raises critical questions about structural barriers associated with systemic racism that pose disproportionate impacts on Black mothers’ ability to access quality care, interact and engage with trusted providers including lactation consultants in the NICU, and also initiate and continue pumping MM. Black women, especially those of lower SES, are less likely to initiate breastfeeding [ 32 ] and often need to make difficult trade-offs related to income, time, and travel before devoting finite resources to MM provision [ 35 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These results matter because HMBs provide an essential service, in particular to the most vulnerable babies—hospitalized ill and premature newborns, for whom it is both an essential food and lifesaving medicine (Patel et al, 2021 ). It is concerning that during the outbreak of a disease that does not circulate through human milk and has a low likelihood of making infants sick, DHM orders dropped.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Second, our study is limited in its findings. In the United States, there are significant disparities in the use of DHM and breastfeeding, especially along race, ethnicity and economic status (Kair et al, 2020 ; Patel et al, 2021 ; Sigurdson et al, 2019 ; Spatz, 2020 ). No specific trend emerged from the data as to whether the decreases in DHM orders originated from private versus public (or 'safety net') hospitals or rural versus urban versus suburban hospitals.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%