Racial differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence in the usual-care group of the multiple risk factor intervention trial

Watkins, Laurence O.; Neaton, James D.; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)90831-3

Cited by 109 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We chose to conduct race/ethnicity analyses stratified by SES and to conduct SES analyses stratified by race/ethnicity to minimize residual confounding, because of the preponderance of evidence that SES-risk associations vary by race/ethnicity (11,12,13,14). Given the existence of SES-race/ethnicity interactions, one cannot completely control for SES in a race/ethnicity analysis simply by including SES as a covariate in regression.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies, however, suggest that SES gradients in cardiovascular risk factors may be diminished in minority groups (11,12,13,14), possibly because of racial discrimination and residential segregation (15,16,17), and greater psychological distress (18) at all SES levels. If SES associations with risk indeed do vary by race/ethnicity, then in any study of ethnic disparities, SES effects cannot be completely controlled simply by including SES indicators as covariates in regression (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk In the United States, 2001–2006

Karlamangla

Merkin

Crimmins

et al. 2010

Annals of Epidemiology

177

143

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Purpose To quantify socioeconomic status and ethnic differences in risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) accrued from major risk factors, in the United States (US). Methods Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006. Outcomes examined were a) 10-year risk for CHD events as predicted by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 Updated guidelines, and b) the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overt diabetes mellitus (a CHD risk-equivalent). Results Strong inverse socioeconomic gradients with risk were present in all race/ethnicity groups except foreign-born Mexican American men, and were attenuated by controls for physical activity, smoking, and abdominal obesity. In contrast, race/ethnicity disparities were seen in some but not all socioeconomic strata, with some Non-Hispanic Blacks and US-born Mexican Americans having higher risk and some Foreign-born Mexican Americans having lower risk. Conclusions Disparities in cardiovascular risk in the United States are primarily related to SES, and less to race/ethnicity. Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals should be targeted for lifestyle counseling and early screening for risk factors, regardless of race/ethnicity, to reduce social disparities in cardiovascular outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk In the United States, 2001–2006

Karlamangla

Merkin

Crimmins

et al. 2010

Annals of Epidemiology

177

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 Additionally, studies have indicated that blacks tend to have lower total cholesterol and triglyceride levels but higher HDL-C levels than whites. 13,14 Meanwhile, a large multiethnic study suggested that HDL-C was more protective in white persons for coronary artery disease (CAD), but that there were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of LDL-C across ethnic groups. 15 International data that evaluate the lipid profile of people of African descent are also consistent with the United States data regarding lower triglyceride and higher HDL-C levels.…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Selected Issues in Cardiovascular Disease Research With a Focus on Black Americans

et al. 2004

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“…Most prospective epidemiological studies have firmly established that high density lipoprotein (HDL) as assessed by its cholesterol content is inversely correlated with the incidence and prevalence of atherosclerosis [1][2][3]. In recent years, it has been considered that changes in the distribution of HDL subclasses might be an important marker for susceptibility to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Apolipoprotein Concentrations and HDL Subclasses Distribution

Tian

et al. 2007

Lipids

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Alterations in plasma apolipoproteins levels can influence the composition, content, and distribution of plasma lipoproteins that affect the risk of atherosclerosis. This study assessed the relationship between plasma apolipoproteins levels, mainly apoAI, and HDL subclass distribution. The contents of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 545 Chinese subjects. Compared with a low apoAI group, the contents of all HDL subclasses increased significantly both in middle and high apoAI group, and the contents of large-sized HDL(2b) increased more significantly relative to those of small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL in a high apoAI group. When apoAI and HDL-C levels increased simultaneously, in comparison to a low apoAI along with HDL-C concentration group, a significant increase (116%) was shown in HDL2b but only a slight increase (26%) in prebeta1-HDL. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that apoAI levels were positively and significantly correlated with all HDL subclasses. Multiple liner regression demonstrated that the apoAI concentrations were the most powerful predictor for HDL subclass distribution. With the elevation of apoAI concentrations, the contents of all HDL subclasses increased successively and significantly, especially, an increase in large-sized HDL(2b). Further, when apoAI and HDL-C concentrations increased simultaneously, the shift to larger HDL size was more obvious. Which, in turn, indicated that HDL maturation might be enhanced and, the reverse cholesterol transport might be strengthened along with apoAI levels which might be a more powerful factor influencing the distribution of HDL subclasses.

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Racial differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease incidence in the usual-care group of the multiple risk factor intervention trial

Cited by 109 publications

References 24 publications

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk In the United States, 2001–2006

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk In the United States, 2001–2006

Perspective on Selected Issues in Cardiovascular Disease Research With a Focus on Black Americans

Relationship Between Apolipoprotein Concentrations and HDL Subclasses Distribution

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