Racial differences in sleep-disordered breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians.

Redline, Susan; Tishler, Peter V.; Hans, Mark G.; Tosteson, Tor D.; Strohl, Kingman P.; Spry, Kathleen

doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001310

Cited by 551 publications

(382 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Investigators have examined whether heritable factors can be implicated as determinants of sleep apnea susceptibility. Recent studies demonstrating familial aggregation and a racial predisposition to sleep apnea in individuals of African-American and Asian descent have suggested that heritable factors contribute to the development of sleep apnea (46)(47)(48) and to upper airway structural phenotypes (49). Further studies of the Cleveland Family Study cohort have demonstrated that sleep apnea (AHI) and obesity phenotypes are heritable (50).…”

Section: Sleep Apnea Risk Factors: Roles Of Obesity Sex Fat Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Schwartz

Patil²,

Laffan

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

583

395

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Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder whose prevalence is linked to an epidemic of obesity in Western society. Sleep apnea is due to recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep that are caused by elevations in upper airway collapsibility during sleep. Collapsibility can be increased by underlying anatomic alterations and/or disturbances in upper airway neuromuscular control, both of which play key roles in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity and particularly central adiposity are potent risk factors for sleep apnea. They can increase pharyngeal collapsibility through mechanical effects on pharyngeal soft tissues and lung volume, and through central nervous system-acting signaling proteins (adipokines) that may affect airway neuromuscular control. Specific molecular signaling pathways encode differences in the distribution and metabolic activity of adipose tissue. These differences can produce alterations in the mechanical and neural control of upper airway collapsibility, which determine sleep apnea susceptibility. Although weight loss reduces upper airway collapsibility during sleep, it is not known whether its effects are mediated primarily by improvement in upper airway mechanical properties or neuromuscular control. A variety of behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical approaches to weight loss may be of benefit to patients with sleep apnea, through distinct effects on the mass and activity of regional adipose stores. Examining responses to specific weight loss strategies will provide critical insight into mechanisms linking obesity and sleep apnea, and will help to elucidate the humoral and molecular predictors of weight loss responses.

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Section: Sleep Apnea Risk Factors: Roles Of Obesity Sex Fat Distribmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Schwartz

Patil²,

Laffan

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

583

395

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Reference 32 In clinical settings, as much as 80% of hypertensives receive a diagnosis of SDB. Reference 3,4 Rates of SDB are much higher among members of minority groups (16.3%) compared to Caucasians (4.9%). Reference 5 The mean respiratory disturbance index for African Americans is significantly higher than that for Caucasians (72.1 vs 43.3).…”

Section: Study Findingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 One population-based study of adult Americans, ages 40-60 years, found that SDB rates were much higher among members of minority groups, with estimates indicating that 16.3% of ethnic minorities have X20 events/h as compared to 4.9% of non-Hispanic Whites. 4 This finding is in tandem with another prevalence study comparing community-dwelling older African Americans and Caucasians, finding that African Americans were experiencing severe SDB with a relative risk twofold as great (relative risk ¼ 2.13) as that of their counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In effect, in a case-control family study of SDB comparing 225 African Americans and 622 Caucasians, ages 2-86 years, 31% of African Americans vs 10% of Caucasians had RDI greater than 10. 3 Young African-American men may be at increased risk for SDB, especially in communities characterized by reduced access to health care. [8][9][10][11] According to an important review of 54 epidemiological studies, SDB was associated with hypertension (18 studies or n ¼ 18), cardiac arrhythmias (n ¼ 8), coronary heart disease and left ventricular failure (n ¼ 6), pulmonary hypertension (n ¼ 6), stroke (n ¼ 3), road traffic accidents (n ¼ 7), and mortality (n ¼ 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension among African Americans

et al. 2005

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This study investigated differences in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) between hypertensives without a family history of hypertension and hypertensives with a family history. Furthermore, it examined whether these two groups differed in the severity of SDB. Patients were African Americans (n ¼ 162, mean age ¼ 51.19713.77 years; mean body mass index (BMI) ¼ 37.8579.51 kg/ m 2 , male ¼ 57%), who were referred to the clinic because of a sleep complaint. Sleep was recorded in the laboratory using standard physiological parameters; all parameters were analysed by a trained scorer. Altogether, 91% of the patients received an SDB diagnosis. Of these patients, 25% were hypertensives without a family history, 20% were hypertensives with a family history, and 55% were normotensives. We found a significant difference between these patient groups regarding the severity of SDB (F 14,158 ¼ 1.823, Po0.05), but no significant group difference was observed in the rate of SDB. Increasing weight was accompanied by increasing severity of SDB. The finding that hypertensive patients with or without a positive family history showed worse oxygenation and respiratory characteristics than did normotensives is consistent with previous research. Of note, hypertensives reporting a family history were characterized by a greater number of oxygen desaturations and apnoea hypopnoea index than those typified only by a current diagnosis of hypertension. Hypertensives with a family history are likely to show a profile of greater blood pressure, higher BMI, and more severe SDB, which by all accounts are more common among African Americans.

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“…Irk: Afrika-Amerikan ırksal kökenlilerde ve Asyalılarda görülme sıklığı daha fazla bulunmuştur 15,31,33,34 .…”

Section: Obstruktif Uyku Apne Sendromu Fizyopatolojisiunclassified

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

2005

The Nurse Practitioner

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by repeated airway collapse during sleep.The syndrome affects adult men more common than women. The most frequent and characteristic nocturnal symptom is snoring, the most important daytime symptom is sleepiness. The social, neuropsychological and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome cause severe morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment of this disease may reduce mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes. Key Words: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, symptom, treatment ÖZETObstrüktif uyku apne sendromu; uyku sırasında üst hava yolunun tekrarlayan tıkanmaları ile seyreden bir klinik tablodur. Erişkin yaştaki erkeklerde kadınlardan daha sık görülür. En sık rastlanan gece semptomu horlama, gündüz semptomu aşırı uykululuk halidir. Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu sosyal ve nöropsikolojik sonuçlarının yanı sıra kardiyovasküler sonuçlarıyla da ciddi morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olan hastalıklardan biridir. Bu hastalığın erken tanı ve tedavisi, kardiovasküler nedenlere bağlı mortalite ve morbiditeyi azaltacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu, semptom, tedavi Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OSAS); uyku sırasında üst hava yolunun tekrarlayan tıkanmaları ile seyreden bir klinik tablodur 1 . Erişkin yaştaki erkeklerin %1-4'ünde, kadınların %1-2'sinde görülmektedir 2 . En sık rastlanan gece semptomu horlama, gündüz semptomu aşırı uykululuk halidir 3 . Sosyal ve nöropsikolojik sonuçlarının yanı sıra kardiyovasküler sonuçlarıyla da ciddi morbidite ve mortalite kaynağıdır 4-7 .

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Racial differences in sleep-disordered breathing in African-Americans and Caucasians.

Cited by 551 publications

References 15 publications

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension among African Americans

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

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