Racial discrimination and psychiatric symptoms among Blacks.

Klonoff, Elizabeth A.; Landrine, Hope; Ullman, Jodie B.

doi:10.1037/1099-9809.5.4.329

Cited by 254 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

197

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Exposure to racial/ethnic-based discrimination (Finch, Kolody, & Vega, 2000;Singh & Siahpush, 2001) have been associated with negative health outcomes. Latinos-because of their skin color and as a result of their culture and language-are considered "persons of color" upon migration to the U.S. mainland (Szalacha et al, 2003), leaving them vulnerable to experiences of discrimination that have been linked to poor mental health outcomes (Klonoff, Landrine, & Ullman, 1999;Szalacha et al, 2003).…”

Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding differences in past year psychiatric disorders for Latinos living in the US

Alegrı́a

Shrout

Woo

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

221

239

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study seeks to identify risk factors for psychiatric disorders that may explain differences in nativity effects among adult Latinos in the USA. We evaluate whether factors related to the processes of acculturation and enculturation, immigration factors, family stressors and supports, contextual factors, and social status in the U.S. account for differences in twelve-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders for eight subgroups of Latinos. We report results that differentiate Latino respondents by country of origin and age at immigration (whether they were U.S.-born or arrived before age 6 [IUSC] or whether they arrived after age 6 [LAI]). After age and gender adjustments, LAI Mexicans and IUSC Cubans reported a significantly lower prevalence of depressive disorders than IUSC Mexicans. Once we adjust for differences in family stressors, contextual factors and social status factors, these differences are no longer significant. The risk for anxiety disorders appears no different for LAI Correspondence to: Margarita Alegria. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptSoc Sci Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 July 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript compared to IUSC Latinos, after age and gender adjustments. For substance use disorders, family factors do not offset the elevated risk of early exposure to neighborhood disadvantage, but coming to the U.S. after age 25 does offset it. Family conflict and burden were consistently related to the risk of mood disorders. Our findings suggest that successful adaptation into the U.S. is a multidimensional process that includes maintenance of family harmony, integration in advantageous U.S. neighborhoods, and positive perceptions of social standing. Our results uncover that nativity may be a less important independent risk factor for current psychiatric morbidity than originally thought.

show abstract

Section: Contextual Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding differences in past year psychiatric disorders for Latinos living in the US

Alegrı́a

Shrout

Woo

et al. 2007

Social Science & Medicine

221

239

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17 Thus, it is possible that high ad space density in itself may also be perceived as disorder, and thereby act as a chronic stressor. Similarly, to the extent that individuals in predominantly African American communities perceive the proliferation of outdoor advertising as a form of racism, high ad density places people at risk of the negative outcomes associated with perceived racism, including psychological distress, [37][38][39] poor mental health, 40,41 increased smoking and drinking, 42,43 and adverse health conditions, including cardiovascular problems. [44][45][46][47] Future research should investigate associations between outdoor advertising and health in African American communities.…”

Section: Implications For Urban Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghettoizing Outdoor Advertising: Disadvantage and Ad Panel Density in Black Neighborhoods

Kwate

Lee

2006

J Urban Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated correlates of outdoor advertising panel density in predominantly African American neighborhoods in New York City. Research shows that black neighborhoods have more outdoor advertising space than white neighborhoods, and these spaces disproportionately market alcohol and tobacco advertisements. Thus, understanding the factors associated with outdoor advertising panel density has important implications for public health. We linked 2000 census data with property data at the census block group level to investigate two neighborhood-level determinants of ad density: income level and physical decay. Results showed that block groups were exposed to an average of four ad spaces per 1,000 residents and that vacant lot square footage was a significant positive predictor of ad density. An inverse relationship between median household income and ad density did not reach significance, suggesting that relative affluence did not protect black neighborhoods from being targeted for outdoor advertisements.

show abstract

“…Although it is well established that stressful life events are associated with a variety of maladaptive outcomes (McEwen, 1998), growing empirical evidence suggests that adjustment difficulties to race-related stressors may be especially pronounced because of the distinctively harmful ways in which perceptions of racism may uniformly disrupt quality of life, progressively eroding the structure and continuity of daily routines (e.g., Harrell, 2000), perpetuating the expansion and diffusion of stressors to other life domains (e.g., Williams, Neighbors, & Jackson, 2003), exacerbating psychiatric symptoms (e.g., Klonoff, Landrine, & Ullman, 1999), and foreclosing opportunities for purposeful living (e.g., Ryff, Keyes, & Hughes, 2003;Utsey, Chae, Brown, & Kelly, 2002). Over time the strains of attempting to regulate the intensity of racism-related life experiences may place burdens on coping resources and lead to stable elevations in psychological distress (Kessler, Price, & Wortman, 1985;Ulbrich, Warheit, & Zimmerman, 1989;Williams et al, 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%