Racial Disparities and Cardiometabolic Risk: New Horizons of Intervention and Prevention

Akam, Eftitan Y; Nuako, Akua; Daniel, Afkera Kesete; Stanford, Fatima Cody

doi:10.1007/s11892-022-01451-6

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…, 13. , 14. From an international perspective related to health inequalities, a common conclusion is that the burden of disease is usually highest in the lowest-income countries, especially countries in sub-Saharan Africa.…”

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confidence: 99%

Why are COVID-19 effects less severe in Sub-Saharan Africa? Moving more and sitting less may be a primary reason

Wachira

Arena

Sallis

et al. 2022

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why are COVID-19 effects less severe in Sub-Saharan Africa? Moving more and sitting less may be a primary reason

Wachira

Arena

Sallis

et al. 2022

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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“…In the United States (US) alone, approximately 11.3% and 5.5% of the adult population have T2DM [ 1 ] and CVD [ 2 ], respectively. Importantly, both T2DM and CVD disproportionally affect individuals of historically underrepresented communities [ 3 ], emphasizing the urgency to develop effective strategies that can be implemented across all individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Aspects to Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Billingsley,

Heiston,

Bellissimo

et al. 2024

Curr Cardiol Rep

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Purpose of Review In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence related to the role of dietary interventions to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also propose alternative therapeutic strategies other than weight loss in this population, namely, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and its determinants. Recent Findings While weight loss has been consistently associated with the prevention of T2DM and improvements in glycemic control in those with established diseases, its role in preventing and treating CVD is less clear. In fact, in this setting, improvements in diet quality have provided greater benefits, suggesting that this might represent an alternative, or an even more effective strategy than energy-restriction. Summary Improvements in diet quality, with and without caloric restriction have been shown to improve CVD risk and to prevent the development of T2DM in individuals at risk; however, with regard to glycemic control in patients with T2DM, any dietary intervention resulting in significant weight loss may produce clinically meaningful benefits. Finally, dietary interventions with and without energy restriction that can improve cardiorespiratory fitness, even in absence of weight loss in patients with obesity, should be encouraged.

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confidence: 99%

“…As detailed in the CKM Health Presidential Advisory, novel risk prediction algorithms to assess risk of CVD in this context are needed to equitably improve individual-and population-level CKM health with a life course perspective. 8,17 The CKM Health SAG was appointed by the AHA and asked to develop or recommend a quantitative approach to absolute risk assessment for CVD that could be used to further inform care and complement the qualitative staging system that defines the CKM syndrome. A Prediction Work Group within the CKM Health SAG began by evaluating the scientific evidence on risk assessment for incident CVD (and CVD subtypes), identified gaps in existing multivariable risk prediction equations, and subsequently developed a novel suite of risk prediction equations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Khan,

Coresh,

Pencina

et al. 2023

Circulation

103

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Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is a novel construct recently defined by the American Heart Association in response to the high prevalence of metabolic and kidney disease. Epidemiological data demonstrate higher absolute risk of both atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and heart failure as an individual progresses from CKM stage 0 to stage 3, but optimal strategies for risk assessment need to be refined. Absolute risk assessment with the goal to match type and intensity of interventions with predicted risk and expected treatment benefit remains the cornerstone of primary prevention. Given the growing number of therapies in our armamentarium that simultaneously address all 3 CKM axes, novel risk prediction equations are needed that incorporate predictors and outcomes relevant to the CKM context. This should also include social determinants of health, which are key upstream drivers of CVD, to more equitably estimate and address risk. This scientific statement summarizes the background, rationale, and clinical implications for the newly developed sex-specific, race-free risk equations: PREVENT (AHA Predicting Risk of CVD Events). The PREVENT equations enable 10- and 30-year risk estimates for total CVD (composite of atherosclerotic CVD and heart failure), include estimated glomerular filtration rate as a predictor, and adjust for competing risk of non-CVD death among adults 30 to 79 years of age. Additional models accommodate enhanced predictive utility with the addition of CKM factors when clinically indicated for measurement (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and hemoglobin A1c) or social determinants of health (social deprivation index) when available. Approaches to implement risk-based prevention using PREVENT across various settings are discussed.

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Racial Disparities and Cardiometabolic Risk: New Horizons of Intervention and Prevention

Cited by 11 publications

References 90 publications

Why are COVID-19 effects less severe in Sub-Saharan Africa? Moving more and sitting less may be a primary reason

Why are COVID-19 effects less severe in Sub-Saharan Africa? Moving more and sitting less may be a primary reason

Nutritional Aspects to Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Novel Prediction Equations for Absolute Risk Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Disease Incorporating Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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