Racial Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Leuchter, Richard K.; Villaflores, Chad; Norris, Keith C.; Sorensen, Andrea; Vangala, Sitaram; Sarkisian, Catherine A.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.036

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In total, n = 9 articles were included in this review. Among the included studies, five studies [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] were conducted in the United States, two [ 28 , 29 ] in Japan, one in Taiwan [ 30 ], and one in Canada [ 31 ]. The most recent studies were published in 2021–2022 [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 31 ], and two more were published in the years 2017 and 2018 [ 28 , 29 ], while the remaining three were published before 2013 [ 24 , 25 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the included studies, five studies [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] were conducted in the United States, two [ 28 , 29 ] in Japan, one in Taiwan [ 30 ], and one in Canada [ 31 ]. The most recent studies were published in 2021–2022 [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 31 ], and two more were published in the years 2017 and 2018 [ 28 , 29 ], while the remaining three were published before 2013 [ 24 , 25 , 30 ]. Five of the included studies [ 23 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 31 ] refer to slow-onset disasters (i.e., epidemics), while the other four [ 24 , 25 , 28 , 29 ] refer to sudden-onset disasters (i.e., earthquake, chemical spill).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions to Assess Primary Health Care Performance during Disasters: A Systematic Review

Lamberti-Castronuovo

Valente

Aleni

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are health conditions for which appropriate primary care intervention could prevent hospital admission. ACSC hospitalization rates are a well-established parameter for assessing the performance of primary health care (PHC). Although this indicator has been extensively used to monitor the performance of PHC systems in peacetime, its consideration during disasters has been neglected. The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged the importance of PHC in guaranteeing continuity of care during and after a disaster for avoiding negative health outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the extent and nature of research activity on the use of ACSCs during disasters, with an eye toward finding innovative ways to assess the level of PHC function at times of crisis. Online databases were searched to identify papers. A final list of nine publications was retrieved. The analysis of the reviewed articles confirmed that ACSCs can serve as a useful indicator of PHC performance during disasters, with several caveats that must be considered. The reviewed articles cover several disaster scenarios and a wide variety of methodologies showing the connection between ACSCs and health system performance. The strengths and weaknesses of using different methodologies are explored and recommendations are given for using ACSCs to assess PHC performance during disasters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions to Assess Primary Health Care Performance during Disasters: A Systematic Review

Lamberti-Castronuovo

Valente

Aleni

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The latest statistics depict no change in this disparity, as 2017 statistics show Blacks' (2,198.0 per 100,000 population) preventable inpatient stays are twice the rate of their Whites (874.6 per 100,000 population) 2 . Research suggests that SDOH, such as socioeconomic status, may play a role in this racial inequality 7,19 . Therefore, the results provide supporting evidence for implementing policies to address determinants (e.g., costs) that deter this population's use of health services for their ACSCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identify Social Determinants of Health Related to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions: Decreasing Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits

Gjini¹,

Khan²,

Vuljaj³

et al. 2022

RDHS

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Introduction: Ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) have been linked to higher emergency room and hospitalization rates. Research suggests social determinants of health (SDOH) may play a role; however, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between ACSCs and SDOH. This study's objective was to examine the relationship between structural and intermediary SDOH and chronic ACSC status among United States adults (U.S.). Methods: Data were drawn from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Surveillance System for 12 states and U.S. territories that completed the SDOH module (N= 111,828). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis identified SDOH associated with a chronic ACSC status. Results: More than 45% of participants had a chronic ACSC. Individuals with ACSCs had higher odds of reporting their neighborhood as unsafe (AOR=1.25; 95%CI=1.05-1.49) than those who reported their neighborhood as extremely safe. Similarly, participants with ACSCs were significantly more likely to report challenges paying their utilities/rent/mortgage (AOR=1.18; 95%CI=1.03-1.36) than to report not experiencing challenges. Conclusions: To address chronic ACSCs, intersectoral public policies are warranted to diminish educational inequalities and racial disparities. This population would also benefit from community-based interventions that connect them to local resources that reduce stress and improve their financial stability and neighborhood safety level.

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“…In particular, because the death rate due to COVID-19 is high among people aged

70 years, pre-emptive and intensive management of elderly patients is necessary. A recent study conducted in the United States found that a number of ethnic minorities could not be hospitalized for COVID-19 due to avoidable hospitalizations among whites [ 37 ]. If hospitalization can be prevented according to primary care management, then it is possible to minimize unnecessary financial loss, promote personal health management, and prevent wastage of healthcare resources such as the need for medical personnel and facilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Avoidable Hospitalization Experienced Prior to Infection Associated With COVID-19-Related Deaths?

Lee

Yoo

Lee

et al. 2022

Int J Public Health

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of the presence or absence of avoidable hospitalization before acquiring coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on COVID-19-related deaths.Methods: This study used the total NHIS-COVID-19 dataset comprising domestic COVID-19 patients, provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea. We conducted logistic regression and double robust estimation (DRE) to confirm the effect of avoidable hospitalization on COVID-19-related deaths.Results: Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the odds ratio (OR) of death due to COVID-19 was high in the group that experienced avoidable hospitalization. DRE analysis showed a higher OR of death due to COVID-19 in the group that experienced avoidable hospitalization compared to the group that did not experience avoidable hospitalization, except in the subgroup aged ≤69 years.Conclusion: The effect of avoidable hospitalization on COVID-19-related deaths was confirmed. Therefore, continued health care, preventive medicine, and public health management are essential for reducing avoidable hospitalizations despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinicians need to be informed about the importance of continuous disease management.

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Racial Disparities in Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Using Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions to Assess Primary Health Care Performance during Disasters: A Systematic Review

Using Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions to Assess Primary Health Care Performance during Disasters: A Systematic Review

Identify Social Determinants of Health Related to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions: Decreasing Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits

Is Avoidable Hospitalization Experienced Prior to Infection Associated With COVID-19-Related Deaths?

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