Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Mortality in the 50 Largest US Cities

Benjamins, Maureen R.; Hunt, Bijou R.; Raleigh, Sarah; Hirschtick, Jana L.; Hughes, Michelle M.

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.019

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Much of the existing literature on racial disparities focuses on poorer survival among racial groups once the cancer is diagnosed, with less focus on incidence or prevention (other than tobacco reduction). 3,4,25,26 While segregation may result from housing discrimination, it is different from other forms of housing discrimination as it may also reflect individual choices to live in a community that shares a racial identity. There are plausible mechanisms by which mortgage discrimination might cause greater cancer incidence or poorer survival among blacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 By 2012, blacks were 2.4 times more likely than whites to die of prostate cancer, 1.4 to 1.5 times more likely to die of colorectal cancer, and 1.4 times more likely to die of breast cancer. [3][4][5] This variation suggests that disparities are not inevitable and in part may be the product of modifiable, place-specific characteristics. In 2010, cancer accounted for 17% of the life-expectancy gap between black and white populations, second only to heart disease for women, and, for men, third, also after homicide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Housing discrimination and racial cancer disparities among the 100 largest US metropolitan areas

Beyer

Laud

Zhou

et al. 2019

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Cancer contributes substantially to the life expectancy gap between US blacks and whites, and racial cancer disparities remain stubborn to eradicate. Disparities vary geographically, suggesting that they are not inevitable. METHODS: The authors examined the relationship between housing discrimination and the size of cancer disparities across large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). MSA-level cancer disparities were measured using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortgage discrimination for each MSA was estimated using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act database, and MSA racial segregation was determined using US Census data. Patterns of housing discrimination and cancer disparities were mapped, and the associations between these place-based factors and cancer disparities across MSAs were measured. RESULTS: Black-to-white cancer mortality disparities (rate ratios) varied geographically, ranging from 1.50 to 0.86; 88% of mortality ratios were >1, indicating higher mortality for blacks. In areas with greater mortgage discrimination, the gap between black and white cancer mortality rates was larger (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.32; P = .001). This relationship persisted in sex-specific analyses (males, r = 0.37; P < .001; females, r = 0.23; P = .02) and in models controlling for confounders. In contrast, segregation was inconsistently associated with disparities. Adjusting for incidence disparities attenuated, but did not eliminate, the correlation between mortgage discrimination and mortality disparities (r = 0.22-0.24), suggesting that cancer incidence and survival each account for part of the mortality disparity. CONCLUSIONS: Mortgage discrimination is associated with larger black-to-white cancer mortality disparities. Some areas are exceptions to this trend. Examination of these exceptions and of policies related to housing discrimination may offer novel strategies for explaining and eliminating cancer disparities. Cancer 2019;125:3818-3827.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing discrimination and racial cancer disparities among the 100 largest US metropolitan areas

Beyer

Laud

Zhou

et al. 2019

Cancer

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“…African American (AA) men and other men of African ancestry have the highest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) in the world, resulting in the highest reported cancer health disparity . We use the term “African American” recognizing that while race is a social construct, racial classification remains extremely useful for describing general patterns of national health and health disparities, as most US health data are reported by self‐identified race .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line carries mixed genetic ancestry: Implications for prostate cancer health disparities research using pre‐clinical models

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND Understanding how biological factors contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) health disparities requires mechanistic functional analysis of specific genes or pathways in pre-clinical cellular and animal models of this malignancy. The 22Rv1 human prostatic carcinoma cell line was originally derived from the parental CWR22R cell line. Although 22Rv1 has been well characterized and used in numerous mechanistic studies, no racial identifier has ever been disclosed for this cell line. In accordance with the need for racial diversity in cancer biospecimens and recent guidelines by the NIH on authentication of key biological resources, we sought to determine the ancestry of 22RV1 and authenticate previously reported racial identifications for four other PCa cell lines. METHODS We used 29 established Ancestry Informative Marker (AIM) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to conduct DNA ancestry analysis and assign ancestral proportions to a panel of five PCa cell lines that included 22Rv1, PC3, DU145, MDA-PCa-2b, and RC-77T/E. RESULTS We found that 22Rv1 carries mixed genetic ancestry. The main ancestry proportions for this cell line were 0.41 West African (AFR) and 0.42 European (EUR). In addition, we verified the previously reported racial identifications for PC3 (0.73 EUR), DU145 (0.63 EUR), MDA-PCa-2b (0.73 AFR), and RC-77T/E (0.74 AFR) cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Considering the mortality disparities associated with PCa, which disproportionately affect African American men, there remains a burden on the scientific community to diversify the availability of biospecimens, including cell lines, for mechanistic studies on potential biological mediators of these disparities. This study is beneficial by identifying another PCa cell line that carries substantial AFR ancestry. This finding may also open the door to new perspectives on previously published studies using this cell line.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite evidence of widespread adoption of patient navigation programs across the country, with many programs specifically working to target gaps in care by ethnicity, outcome disparities in cancer persist and, in some cases, are increasing. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] This is particularly worrisome because of major recent breakthroughs in cancer therapies, which are improving Cancer December 15, 2019 patient outcomes but increasing the financial burden on patients. [18][19][20] Because of the evidence of the benefit of patient navigation along with widening disparities in cancer outcomes, there is a need to consider how to best implement patient navigation to address disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized activities for lay patient navigators in breast cancer care: Recommendations from a citywide implementation study

Freund

Haas

Lemon

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background There is a need for guidelines on patient navigation activities to promote both the quality of patient navigation and the standards of reimbursement for these services because a lack of reimbursement is a major barrier to the implementation, maintenance, and sustainability of these programs. Methods A broad community‐based participatory research process was used to identify the needs of patients for navigation. A panel of stakeholders of clinical providers was convened to identify specific activities for navigators to address the needs of patients and providers with the explicit goal of reducing delays in the initiation of cancer treatment and improving adherence to the care plan. Results Specific activities were identified that could be generalized to all patient navigation programs for care during active cancer management to address the needs of vulnerable communities. Conclusions Oncology programs that seek to implement lay patient navigation may benefit from the adoption of these activities for quality monitoring. Such activities are necessary as we consider reimbursement strategies for navigators without clinical training or licensure.

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Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Mortality in the 50 Largest US Cities

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Housing discrimination and racial cancer disparities among the 100 largest US metropolitan areas

Housing discrimination and racial cancer disparities among the 100 largest US metropolitan areas

The 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line carries mixed genetic ancestry: Implications for prostate cancer health disparities research using pre‐clinical models

Standardized activities for lay patient navigators in breast cancer care: Recommendations from a citywide implementation study

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