Racial disparities in routine health checkup and adherence to cancer screening guidelines among women in the United States of America

Orji, Amarachukwu F.; Yamashita, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01475-5

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results of our study align with the previous literature as well as they provide newer insights into the correlates for developing interventions to promote cervical cancer screening through Pap tests. The finding in this study that poverty (annual household income of less than $25,000) and lack of insurance are barriers to cervical cancer screening among minority women is supported by the previous literature [12][13][14]24,26]. Structural policy efforts must be undertaken to address these root causes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

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Explaining Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Minority Women in the United States

et al. 2022

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Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of death among women. While overall cervical cancer rates have decreased over the last few decades, minority women continue to be disproportionately affected compared to White women. Given the paucity of theory-based interventions to promote Pap smear tests among minority women, this cross-sectional study attempts to examine the correlates of cervical cancer screening by Pap test using the Multi-theory Model (MTM) as a theoretical paradigm among minority women in the United States (U.S.). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was done for testing the construct validity of the survey instrument. Data were analyzed through bivariate and multivariate tests. In a sample of 364 minority women, nearly 31% (n = 112) of women reported not having received a Pap test within the past three years compared to the national rate (20.8%) for all women. The MTM constructs of participatory dialogue, behavioral confidence, and changes in the physical environment explained a substantial proportion of variance (49.5%) in starting the behavior of getting Pap tests, while the constructs of emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in the social environment, along with lack of health insurance and annual household income of less than $25,000, significantly explained the variance (73.6%) of the likelihood to sustain the Pap test behavior of getting it every three years. Among those who have had a Pap smear (n = 252), healthcare insurance, emotional transformation, practice for change, and changes in the social environment predicted nearly 83.3% of the variance in sustaining Pap smear test uptake behavior (adjusted R2 = 0.833, F = 45.254, p < 0.001). This study validates the need for health promotion interventions based on MTM to be implemented to address the disparities of lower cervical cancer screenings among minority women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Cervical cancer occurs primarily in low-resource, underserved areas and is typically associated with poverty, race/ethnicity, and/or other health disparities [3,[11][12][13][14]. Outside the U.S., researchers found that in Norway, immigrant women reported lower adherence to cervical cancer uptake compared to native Norwegian women [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Minority Women in the United States

et al. 2022

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“…A study utilizing the NHIS found similar Pap testing rates for White and Black racial groups and identified lower testing among non-Hispanic Asians ( Hall et al, 2018 ). In contrast, a study of the Health Information National Trends Survey 5 documented lower cervical cancer screening among Hispanic and White females compared to Black females, and the positive influence of maintaining healthcare checkups differed by race ( Orji and Yamashita, 2021 ). Our findings build upon these prior works to document additional minority racial/ethnic groups experiencing disparities in Pap testing through more recent years along with outlining additional characteristics that influence Pap testing behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent racial disparities in cervical cancer screening with Pap test

McDaniel

Hallam

Cadwallader

et al. 2021

Preventive Medicine Reports

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Given the racial disparities in cervical cancer screening, incidence, and mortality, the purpose of this study was to estimate cervical cancer screening behaviors through self-reported Pap testing among racial groups in the U.S. This cross-sectional study utilized the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to compare Pap testing behaviors among women of different racial groups. The BRFSS data from 2014, 2016, and 2018 were chosen because these were the most recent years of data capturing cervical cancer screening information. The primary outcome was self-reported Pap testing behavior (yes/no). Racial groups were analyzed with the original categorical responses for the race/ethnicity variable to investigate Pap testing behaviors across all racial groups. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and a multivariable binomial logistic regression model to assess differences of Pap testing by race after adjusting for covariates. Among the 538,218 females included, 88.81% (95% CI: 88.60–89.03) reported receiving a Pap test. Pap testing behaviors differed significantly between racial groups in 2014, 2016, and 2018 (p < 0.001 for all years). Compared to White women, Asians (OR: 0.169, 95% CI: 0.149–0.191), Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders (OR: 0.339, 95% CI: 0.249–0.462), American Indians or Alaskan Natives (OR: 0.664, 95% CI: 0.532–0.829), Hispanics (OR: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.670–0.786), and other non-Hispanic races (OR: 0.439, 95% CI: 0.323–0.598) were significantly less likely to receive Pap test. Racial disparities in cervical cancer screening with Pap tests exist for Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders, American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Hispanics, and other non-Hispanics.

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“…This is consistent with previous studies that report having insurance, greater income and receipt of routine health checkup was associated with greater likelihood of screening for cervical cancer. 37,38 Implication For Practice And Policy…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening with Pap Test by Types of Disability

Orji

2022

Preprint

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Purpose Prior research has found that poor receipt of cervical cancer screening is more prevalent among women with disabilities. However, there is a research gap regarding receipt of cervical cancer screening by types of disability. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the receipt of cervical cancer screening through self-reported Pap testing among women by types of disability. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2016, 2018 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate the prevalence of Pap testing by disability type among women ages 21-65 years of age. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was conducted to examine difference in Pap testing among women by disability type. Disability was defined as having any difficulty with vision, hearing, cognitive, mobility, self-care, or independent living. Multivariate analyses adjusted for risk factors associated with cervical cancer screening. Results A total of 307,142 women from across the U.S. were sampled. Women with multiple disabilities (aRR=0.91; 95% CI, 0.89 - 0.94) and women with ambulatory disability (aRR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.91 - 0.97) reported being less likely to receive Pap test than women with no disability. In every disability group, older women were significantly less likely to receive Pap test than their counterparts without disabilities. Conclusion Ambulatory disability and multiple disabilities are associated with a lower likelihood of screening with Pap test, raising the increased need to eliminate disability-specific disparities in Pap testing.

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Racial disparities in routine health checkup and adherence to cancer screening guidelines among women in the United States of America

Abstract: County (UMBC) ScholarWorks@UMBC digital repository on the Maryland Shared Open Access (MD-SOAR) platform.

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Explaining Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Minority Women in the United States

Explaining Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening among Minority Women in the United States

Persistent racial disparities in cervical cancer screening with Pap test

Examining Disparities in Cervical Cancer Screening with Pap Test by Types of Disability

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