Racial Encroachment and the Formal Control of Space: Minority Group-Threat and Misdemeanor Arrests in Urban Communities

Kane, Robert J.; Gustafson, Joseph L.; Bruell, Christopher

doi:10.1080/07418825.2011.636376

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fifth, the insignificance of the precinct-level variables raise questions about the explanatory strength of the minority threat perspective and other macro-level factors to predict police use of force. Although previous research has found a relationship between racial or ethnic concentration, social structure, and various policing outcomes (Chamlin, 1990;Eitle & Monahan, 2009;Jackson & Carroll, 1981;Kane, 2002;Kane, Gustafson, & Bruell, 2013;Nalla, Lynch, & Leiber, 1997;Parker, Stults, & Rice, 2005), the strength of macro-level factors may be less impactful at explaining encounter-level outcomes in which the transactional nature between the officer and the citizen carries so much weight. That being said, several studies have found a significant relationship between police use of force and various macro-level factors (Ferrandino, 2015;Jacobs & O'Brien, 1998;Lersch, Bazley, Mieczkowski, & Childs, 2008;Parker, MacDonald, Jennings, & Alpert, 2005;Terrill & Reisig, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

After the Stop: Exploring the Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Use of Force During Terry Stops

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Questions surrounding stop, question, and frisk (SQF) practices have focused almost exclusively on racial and ethnic disproportionality in the rate of stops, and whether police are engaged in racial profiling. This near-sole focus on the stop decision has overshadowed important questions about the use of force during Terry stops, resulting in a major gap in our understanding of the dynamics of SQF encounters. The current study addresses this issue through an examination of the nature, prevalence, and predictors of use of force during Terry stops using the 2012 SQF database of New York Police Department (NYPD; N ¼ 519,948) and data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Results indicate that use of force was an infrequent event in NYPD stops (14%), and weapon force was quite rare (.01%). However, hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models show that Black and Hispanic citizens were significantly more likely to experience non-weapon force than White citizens, while controlling for other relevant situational and precinct-level variables. The findings suggest that minority citizens may be exposed to a racial or ethnic ''double jeopardy,'' whereby they are subjected to both unconstitutional stops and disparate rates of force during those stops. The study highlights the importance of expanding the focus on SQF beyond the racial profiling lens, as questions about the dynamics of police use of force decision-making raise equally important social and legal concerns.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

After the Stop: Exploring the Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Use of Force During Terry Stops

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is a large body of research examining minority threats on officer enforcement decisions. For instance, several studies have examined arrest decisions (D'Alessio & Stolzenberg, ; Kane, Gustafson, & Bruell, ; Liska & Chamlin, ; Ousey & Lee, ; Parker et al, ; Stolzenberg, D'Alessio, & Eitle, ) and traffic enforcement (Novak & Chamlin, ; Petrocelli, Piquero, & Smith, ). Misdemeanor arrests are a common and useful outcome for understanding minority threat, as they are highly discretionary (Ousey & Lee, ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of body‐worn cameras, minority threat, and place on police activity

Hughes

Campbell

Schaefer

2020

Journal Community Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Police practices evolve and are often shaped by technological innovation, such as the adoption of body-worn cameras (BWCs). While initial research on their impact is evergrowing, researchers have neglected to examine if their use is influenced by neighborhood characteristics.This study examines the influence of a BWC implementation on police activity and enforcement practices across neighborhoods, using minority threat hypothesis and place theory to explain the relationship. We used preand postimplementation enforcement data to examine the influence of BWCs and community characteristics on the actions taken by Louisville Metro Police Department officers. Ten ordinary least squares models were used to analyze the enforcement changes including self-initiated activity, total enforcement, felony arrests, low-level arrests, and low-level citations. Our findings indicate BWCs implementation was associated with a decrease in low-level citations; however, self-initiated activity and felony and low-level arrests were unaffected. Also, concentrated disadvantage was associated with a decrease in self-initiated activity. We also examined the moderating effects between BWCs and neighborhood characteristics and found BWCs were correlated with a decrease in low-level citations. The implications of the findings are discussed.

show abstract

“…This trend is notable because as group threat theorists have argued, the population dynamics most likely to trigger in-group members' perceptions of threat-including perceptions of criminal threat-are "sudden demographic changes [that] generate uncertainty and attention" (Hopkins 2010, 40; see also King and Wheelock 2007;Kane, Gustafson, and Bruell 2013;Stewart et al 2015).…”

Section: Personal Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Danger in Immigration Courts

Ryo¹

2019

Law Soc. Inq.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Every year, the US government detains thousands of noncitizens in removal proceedings on the basis that they might pose a threat to public safety if released during the pendency of their removal proceedings. Using original audio recording data on immigration bond hearings, this study examines immigration judges' determinations regarding which noncitizens pose a danger to the community. My multivariate analysis that controls for a variety of detainee background characteristics and criminal-conviction-related measures produced three main findings. First, I find that Central Americans are more likely to be deemed dangerous than non-Central Americans. Second, I find that detainees with attorneys are less likely to be deemed dangerous than pro se detainees. Finally, my analysis shows that whereas felony and violent convictions are associated with higher odds of being deemed dangerous, the recency of criminal convictions and the total number of convictions are not predictive of danger determinations. Together, these findings provide new insights into the socio-legal construction of immigrant criminality.

show abstract

Racial Encroachment and the Formal Control of Space: Minority Group-Threat and Misdemeanor Arrests in Urban Communities

Cited by 36 publications

References 66 publications

After the Stop: Exploring the Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Use of Force During Terry Stops

After the Stop: Exploring the Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Police Use of Force During Terry Stops

The influence of body‐worn cameras, minority threat, and place on police activity

Predicting Danger in Immigration Courts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About