Racial/ethnic differences in 12-month prevalence and persistence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: Variation by nativity and socioeconomic status

Vilsaint, Corrie L.; NeMoyer, Amanda; Fillbrunn, Mirko; Sadikova, Ekaterina; Kessler, Ronald C.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Álvarez, Kiara; Green, Jennifer; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Chen, Ruijia; Williams, David R.; Jackson, James S.; Alegrı́a, Margarita

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.12.008

Cited by 110 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Those who were not married had a greater risk of any mental disorder, any anxiety disorder and suicidality in our study, which is also consistent with previous studies [43,50]. The fact that low level of education is an independent risk factor for any mental disorder and any mood disorder was proven in different studies [37,51]. The data of our study suggested that low education is a risk factor for any mental disorder, suicidality and any anxiety disorder.…”

Section: Factors Associated With a Current Mental Disordersupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders in the nationwide primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Mental disorders are common amongst patients in primary care. There are no published studies on the prevalence of mental disorders in primary care patients in Latvia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the current prevalence of mental disorders in the nationwide Latvian primary care population and to study possible associated factors and comorbidity of mental disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study within the framework of the National Research Program BIOMEDICINE 2014-2017 was performed at 24 primary care settings across Latvia. Adult patients seen over a 1-week time period at each facility were invited to participate in the study. Sociodemographic variables (age, sex, education, employment and marital status, place of residence, and ethnicity) were assessed onsite. A Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessment was conducted over the telephone within 2 weeks after the visit to the general practitioner (GP). Results: Overall, 1485 individuals completed the interview. The current prevalence of any mental disorder was 37.2% and was significantly greater in women. Mood disorders (18.4%), suicidality (18.6%) and anxiety disorders (15.8%) were the most frequent diagnostic categories. The current prevalence of any mood disorder was associated with being 50-64 years of age, female sex, economically inactive status, divorced or widowed marital status and urban place of residence, whilst any current anxiety disorder was associated with female sex, lower education, and single marital status; however, being of Russian ethnicity and residing in a small city were protective factors. Suicidality was associated with female sex, lower education, unemployment or economically inactive status, being divorced or widowed and residing in a small city. The comorbidity rates between mental disorders varied from 2.9 to 53.3%. Conclusions: High prevalence rates of mental disorders, comorbidity and certain associated socio-demographic factors were found in primary care settings in Latvia. This highlights the importance of screening for depression and anxiety disorders and suicidal risk assessment by GPs. The results are fundamentally important for integrative medicine, monitoring and promotion of mental healthcare at the primary care level, as well as for healthcare policy and development of strategic plans in Latvia.

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Section: Factors Associated With a Current Mental Disordersupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders in the nationwide primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…Black and Latinx women also report significantly greater depressive symptomatology than non-Hispanic White females (18,21). Although the prevalence rates of major depression and general anxiety among Black and Latinx are often reported to be similar or lower than non-Hispanic Whites, these findings have been attributed to the fact people of color in the US seek mental health clinical care at rates well below their need and face discrimination during diagnosis and treatment, misdiagnosis and clinician bias (2,5,(22)(23)(24). Other studies suggest the long-lasting effects of depression may be higher for African American and Caribbean Black men compared to non-Hispanic Whites (56% versus 38.6%) (25).…”

Section: Mental Health Among People Of Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

Fisher

Tao

Yip

2020

Preprint

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Background. People of color in the U.S. have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID 19 pandemic in terms of rates of infection and morbidity. Explanations for these disparities include over-representation as essential workers and long-standing inequities in access to health services. Prior to the pandemic, racial discrimination has been associated with depression and general anxiety. However, the effect of discrimination and racial bias specific to the Coronavirus on mental health has not been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias beliefs on the mental health of young adult people of color. Method. An online survey administered to a national sample of 350 Black, Indigenous and Latinx adults (18 to 25 years) included Coronavirus health risks, prescription and financial security, measure of depression and anxiety and 2 new psychometrically validated measures for Coronavirus related victimization distress and racial bias. Results. Employment, number of Coronavirus health risks, Coronavirus victimization distress and Coronavirus racial bias were positively correlated with each other and with depression and anxiety. By contrast, household income and perceived financial and prescription security were negatively correlated with Coronavirus victimization, Coronavirus racial bias and with the mental health indices. Structural equation modeling controlling for demographic variables indicated perceived Coronavirus racial bias mediated the effect of Coronavirus victimization distress on both mental health measures across all groups. Conclusions. Results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic has created new pathways to mental health disparities among young adults of color by reversing formerly protective factors such as employment, and by exacerbating structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of creating mental health services tailored to the specific needs of racial/ethnic minorities during the current and future health crises.

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“…Another important nding of this study was that university education is a protective factor against anxiety and depression. The fact that low level of education is an independent risk factor for mental and mood disorders and anxiety, has been shown in different studies [9,20,27]. Higher education improves self-esteem, vulnerability, and living standards [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

Najafipour

Shahrokhabadi

Banivaheb

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Anxiety and depression (A&D) are common mental disorders with high economical and health burdens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the incidence rate of A&D and their relationship with socio-demographic and other risk factors and co-morbidities in adults living in southeastern Iran.Method: We recruited adults (15 to 80 years) in two rounds (2009-2012, 2014-2018) of a population-based cohort study called Kerman coronary artery disease risk factors study (KERCADRS) in Kerman, Iran. The age-standardized A&D prevalence was measured among all participants (n=9996) and the five-year A&D incidence rate was measured in those who were free of A&D in the first round (n = 2813). The relationship between A&D and demographic characteristics, smoking, opium use, obesity and physical activity was assessed by logistic regression models. Results: Overall, the prevalence of anxiety (48.1% to 16.4%, P-value <0.001) and depression (5.9% to 1.3% P-value <0.001) decreased between the two rounds. The highest prevalence of anxiety was among people who were unemployed (%?), smokers (%?), and opium users (%?). Young adults, women, those divorced or widowed, and those with obesity and low physical activity had a higher chance for anxiety. The five-year incidence rate (person/1000 person-years) was 15.0 for anxiety and 3.9 for depression.Conclusion: Despite the overall decrease in the prevalence of A&D, certain groups such as young adults, women, unemployed and those who smoke cigarettes or opium, people with low physical activity and obesity are in need of more targeted interventions.

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Racial/ethnic differences in 12-month prevalence and persistence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders: Variation by nativity and socioeconomic status

Cited by 110 publications

References 54 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders in the nationwide primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence and associated factors of mental disorders in the nationwide primary care population in Latvia: a cross-sectional study

The Effects of Coronavirus Victimization Distress and Coronavirus Racial Bias on Mental Health Among AIAN, Asian, Black, and Latinx Young Adults

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Population in Iran: Findings from Kerman Coronary Artery Diseases Risk factors Study (KERCADRS)

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