Racial Identification, Racial Discrimination, and Substance Use Vulnerability Among African American Young Adults

Stock, Michelle L.; Gibbons, Frederick X.; Walsh, Laura; Gerrard, Meg

doi:10.1177/0146167211410574

Cited by 76 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, ninth-grade African Americans who reported high racial centrality showed no association between perceived racial discrimination and psychological distress reported 2 years later (Sellers et al, 2003). In addition, African American young adults did not report an increase in willingness to use substances following a laboratory-based discriminatory experience if they engaged in a writing task that reaffirmed their racial identity (Stock et al, 2011). Although these findings are promising, conflicting studies have found that some elements of racial identity exacerbate the negative effects of discrimination (Burrow & Ong, 2010;Bynum et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Negative-Mood–Related Drinking Among African American College Students

O’Hara

Armeli

Scott

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective:Research consistently shows a positive association between racial discrimination and problematic alcohol use among African Americans, but little is known about the micro-processes linking this pernicious form of stress to drinking. One possibility is that the cumulative effects of discrimination increase individuals' likelihood of negative-mood-related drinking. In the current study, we examined whether individual differences in lifetime perceived racial discrimination among African American college students moderate relations between daily negative moods and evening alcohol consumption in both social and nonsocial contexts. Method: Data came from an online daily diary study of 441 African Americans (58% female) enrolled at a historically black college/university. Lifetime discrimination was measured at baseline. For 30 days, students reported the number of drinks they consumed the night before both socially and nonsocially, as well as their daytime level of negative mood. Results: In support of the hypotheses, only men who reported higher (vs. lower) lifetime discrimination showed a positive association between daily negative mood and that evening's level of nonsocial drinking. Contrary to expectation, women who reported higher (vs. lower) discrimination showed a negative association between daily negative mood and nonsocial drinking. Neither daily negative mood nor lifetime discrimination predicted level of social drinking. Conclusions: These findings provide further evidence that the cumulative impact of racial discrimination may produce a vulnerability to negative-mood-related drinking-but only for African American men. Importantly, these effects emerged only for nonsocial drinking, which may further explain the robust association between discrimination and problematic alcohol use. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 76, 229-236, 2015)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Negative-Mood–Related Drinking Among African American College Students

O’Hara

Armeli

Scott

et al. 2015

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Acute exposure to discrimination has been associated with decrements in self-awareness and self-regulation, which has been manifested as increased eating and intentions to use substances, among other outcomes (Inzlicht et al, 2006;Stock et al, 2011). Persistent exposure to discrimination may impair the development of skills in self-regulation that are necessary to regulate smoking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

et al. 2015

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Perceived ethnic discrimination has been associated with cigarette smoking in US adults in the majority of studies, but gaps in understanding remain. It is unclear if the association of discrimination to smoking is a function of lifetime or recent exposure to discrimination. Some sociodemographic and mood-related risk factors may confound the relationship of discrimination to smoking. Gender and race/ethnicity differences in this relationship have been understudied. This study examines the relationship of lifetime and recent discrimination to smoking status and frequency, controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables and investigating the moderating role of race/ethnicity and gender. Participants included 518 Black and Latino(a) adults from New York, US. Lifetime and past week discrimination were measured with the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version. Ecological momentary assessment methods were used to collect data on smoking and mood every 20 min throughout one testing day using an electronic diary. Controlling for sociodemographic and mood-related variables, there was a significant association of recent (past week) discrimination exposure to current smoking. Lifetime discrimination was associated with smoking frequency, but not current smoking status. The association of recent discrimination to smoking status was moderated by race/ethnicity and gender, with positive associations emerging for both Black adults and for men. The association of lifetime discrimination on smoking frequency was not moderated by gender or race/ethnicity. Acute race/ethnicity-related stressors may be associated with the decision to smoke at all on a given day; whereas chronic stigmatization may reduce the barriers to smoking more frequently.

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“…Another study 13 found that discrimination was prospectively associated with use of substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. Additionally, the association between experiences of discrimination and alcohol consumption may be moderated by specific factors, [14][15][16][17] such as supportive parenting, 15 ethnic identity, 14,17 linguistic acculturation and time spent in the United States. 16 Other studies suggest that the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption may be mediated by specific phenomena, such as anger, 15,16 delinquent behaviors, 18 hostility, 15 and anxiety or depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderators of the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from a representative sample of Brazilian university students

Coelho

Bastos

Celeste

2015

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction: Few studies about discrimination and patterns of alcohol consumption among youth populations have been conducted outside the United States addressing different types of discriminatory experiences, in addition to racially motivated events. This study investigated moderators of the association between discrimination attributed to single and multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled a representative sample (n = 1,264) of undergraduate students from Florianópolis, southern Brazil, in 2013. Analyses included adjustment of associations for covariates in ordinal logistic regression models and the examination of effect modification by common mental disorders, year of study and age. Results: Discrimination was reported by 65.8% of the students, and alcohol consumption, by 80.0%. Over half of the students reported being discriminated against for two or more reasons. The odds of alcohol-related problems were higher among lastyear students that reported discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.0-3.4) or multiple reasons for being discriminated against (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.3-4.3), when compared to first-year students that did not report discrimination. For the whole sample, there were no associations between discrimination, discrimination attributed to multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 0.8-1.4; and OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.6). Conclusions:The effects of discrimination on the patterns of alcohol consumption are seen at a critical period in university life, specifically during the completion of undergraduate studies.

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Racial Identification, Racial Discrimination, and Substance Use Vulnerability Among African American Young Adults

Cited by 76 publications

References 63 publications

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Negative-Mood–Related Drinking Among African American College Students

Perceived Racial Discrimination and Negative-Mood–Related Drinking Among African American College Students

Perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette smoking: examining the moderating effects of race/ethnicity and gender in a sample of Black and Latino urban adults

Moderators of the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from a representative sample of Brazilian university students

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