Racial identity invalidation with multiracial individuals: An instrument development study.

Abstract

The findings highlight the different dimensions of racial identity invalidation and indicate their negative associations with connectedness and psychological well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record

Racial Mislabeling in Multiracial Individuals: Implications for Professional Counseling and Education

“…Though mislabeling fits under the general umbrella of these terms, mislabeling is more specific and speaks to the verbal assumptions (via labels) by others about Multiracial identity. This is in contrast to denying one's racial identity, which describes racial invalidation (Franco & O'Brien, 2018).…”

“…The findings related to the theme perceptions of race have major implications for our society and especially for the practice of counseling and training. Due to the growing racial milieu of U.S. society (Charmaraman, Woo, Quach, & Erkut, 2014), it is important for those living in the United States to understand that race is not as simple as skin tone, as it is a complex social construction (Franco & O'Brien, 2018;Tran et al, 2016). It is especially important for professional counselors, educators, and supervisors working from a foundation of wellness (Kaplan, Tarvydas, & Gladding, 2014) to build upon this foundation utilizing an understanding of the social construction of race (Giamo et al, 2012;Terry & Winston, 2010).…”

“…Another limitation is how individuals who identify as Biracial are subsumed into the same Multiracial category. The rationale for including these individuals in the same racial category were twofold: (a) based on other literature (i.e., Franco & O'Brien, 2018;Tran et al, 2016), and (b) so as not to exclude either group from expressing their experiences of racial mislabeling. Nonetheless, this could send the message that these groups are synonymous when some individuals may define Biracial to mean a person who identifies with two races while Multiracial could indicate identification with three or more races (Renn, 2000).…”

“…Though MII includes negative and positive racial experiences, the experiences and effects of being categorized as a race that is incongruent with one's identity are left out. More recently, Franco and O'Brien (2018) sought to quantify racial invalidation through the development of a racial identity invalidation scale, helping to close the gap in the literature. However, the majority of research conducted with Biracial individuals is with individuals that have a Black-White racial mix (e.g., Franco, Katz, & O'Brien, 2016) leaving out individuals with other racial make-ups.…”

Taking Racism to Heart: Race‐Related Stressors and Cardiovascular Reactivity for Multiracial People

“…To date, research examining multiracial‐specific racial stressors and well‐being have used only self‐report measures. These studies have found relationships between discrimination and poorer psychological health (e.g., Franco & O'Brien, 2018; Sanchez, Shih, & Garcia, 2009). However, individuals completing self‐report measures underreport stress, even when their bodies exhibit physiological reactions (Clark et al, 1999; Peters et al, 2011).…”