Racing BIKE: Improved Polynomial Multiplication and Inversion in Hardware

Richter-Brockmann, Jan; Chen, Ming-Syan; Ghosh, Santosh; Güneysu, Tim

doi:10.46586/tches.v2022.i1.557-588

“…In addition, the computation of 10r inner products during the decoding procedure results in a decapsulation that runs 6 to 9 times slower than that of HQC. Several hardware benchmarks also confirm that performance of BIKE would be suitable for most applications [191][192][193][194].…”

Section: Bike (Bit Flipping Key Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process

Moody¹

2022

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The National Institute of Standards and Technology is in the process of selecting public-key cryptographic algorithms through a public, competition-like process. The new public-key cryptography standards will specify additional digital signature, public-key encryption, and key-establishment algorithms to augment Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 186-4, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), as well as NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-56A Revision 3, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key-Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography, and SP 800-56B Revision 2, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Using Integer Factorization Cryptography. It is intended that these algorithms will be capable of protecting sensitive information well into the foreseeable future, including after the advent of quantum computers. The first round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process began in December 2017 with 69 candidate algorithms that met both the minimum acceptance criteria and submission requirements. The first round lasted until January 2019, during which candidate algorithms were evaluated based on their security, performance, and other characteristics. NIST selected 26 algorithms to advance to the second round for more analysis. The second round continued until July 2020, after which seven 'finalist' and eight 'alternate' candidate algorithms were selected to move into the third round. This report describes the evaluation and selection process, based on public feedback and internal review, of the third-round candidates. The report summarizes each of the 15 third-round candidate algorithms and identifies those selected for standardization, as well as those that will continue to be evaluated in a fourth round of analysis. The public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithm that will be standardized is CRYSTALS-Kyber. The digital signatures that will be standardized are CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+. While there are multiple signature algorithms selected, NIST recommends CRYSTALS-Dilithium as the primary algorithm to be implemented. In addition, four of the alternate key-establishment candidate algorithms will advance to a fourth round of evaluation: BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC, and SIKE. These candidates are still being considered for future standardization. NIST will also issue a new Call for Proposals for public-key digital signature algorithms to augment and diversify its signature portfolio.

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“…In addition, the computation of 10r inner products during the decoding procedure results in a decapsulation that runs 6 to 9 times slower than that of HQC. Several hardware benchmarks also confirm that performance of BIKE would be suitable for most applications [189][190][191][192].…”

Section: Bike (Bit Flipping Key Encapsulationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process

Moody¹

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is in the process of selecting public-key cryptographic algorithms through a public, competition-like process. The new public-key cryptography standards will specify additional digital signature, public-key encryption, and key-establishment algorithms to augment Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 186-4, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), as well as NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-56A Revision 3, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key-Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography, and SP 800-56B Revision 2, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Using Integer Factorization Cryptography. It is intended that these algorithms will be capable of protecting sensitive information well into the foreseeable future, including after the advent of quantum computers. The first round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process began in December 2017 with 69 candidate algorithms that met both the minimum acceptance criteria and submission requirements. The first round lasted until January 2019, during which candidate algorithms were evaluated based on their security, performance, and other characteristics. NIST selected 26 algorithms to advance to the second round for more analysis. The second round continued until July 2020, after which seven 'finalist' and eight 'alternate' candidate algorithms were selected to move into the third round. This report describes the evaluation and selection process, based on public feedback and internal review, of the third-round candidates. The report summarizes each of the 15 third-round candidate algorithms and identifies those selected for standardization, as well as those that will continue to be evaluated in a fourth round of analysis. The public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithm that will be standardized is CRYSTALS-Kyber. The digital signatures that will be standardized are CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+. While there are multiple signature algorithms selected, NIST recommends CRYSTALS-Dilithium as the primary algorithm to be implemented. In addition, four of the alternate key-establishment candidate algorithms will advance to a fourth round of evaluation: BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC, and SIKE. These candidates are still being considered for future standardization. NIST will also issue a new Call for Proposals for public-key digital signature algorithms to augment and diversify its signature portfolio.

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“…The complexity of PQC solutions makes it paramount to optimize their execution to guarantee proper performance even on embedded devices at the edge [3]- [5]. The literature provides the official x86-64 software implementations of BIKE [1], constant-time versions [6], and works targeting other architectures [7], [8], while state-of-the-art hardware implementations include the official FPGA-based one [9], that instantiates the whole KEM in a unified accelerator, and an This work was supported by the European Commission and the Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy (MIMIT) under the KDT JU "ISOLDE" project (Grant No. 101112274).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLS-based acceleration of the BIKE post-quantum KEM on embedded-class heterogeneous SoCs

Galimberti,

Montanaro,

Zoni

2023

2023 30th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

0

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An effective transition to post-quantum cryptography mandates its deployment on embedded-class devices, guaranteeing adequate performance while satisfying their strict area constraints. This work accelerates BIKE, a QC-MDPC codebased post-quantum KEM, through HLS on embedded-class heterogeneous SoCs that couple a CPU with FPGA programmable logic. The proposed methodology implements HLS-generated accelerators to compute the most time-consuming operations of BIKE, identified by analyzing the software-only execution. The mix of accelerators instantiated in hardware and operations executed in software, as well as the configurable architectural parameters of the former, are then determined, depending on the resources available on the target SoC, to minimize BIKE's execution time. Experiments on AMD Zynq-7000 SoCs highlight a speedup of up to 3.34 times compared to the reference software execution and up to 1.98 times over state-of-the-art HW/SW implementations targeting the same chips.

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Racing BIKE: Improved Polynomial Multiplication and Inversion in Hardware

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process

Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process

Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process

HLS-based acceleration of the BIKE post-quantum KEM on embedded-class heterogeneous SoCs

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