Radar facies of unconsolidated sediments in The Netherlands: A radar stratigraphy interpretation method for hydrogeology

Overmeeren, R.A. van

doi:10.1016/s0926-9851(97)00033-5

Cited by 168 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1 use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in combination with coring and trenching to describe all of the different scales of deposits in detail and in three dimensions (Jol & Smith, 1991;Gawthorpe et al, 1993;Huggenberger, 1993;Siegenthaler & Huggenberger, 1993;Alexander et al, 1994;Huggenberger et al, 1994;Jol, 1995;Bridge et al, 1995Bridge et al, , 1998Beres et al, 1995Beres et al, , 1999Leclerc & Hickin, 1997;Asprion & Aigner, 1997Van Overmeeren, 1998;Vandenberghe & Van Overmeeren, 1999;Bristow et al, 1999;Ekes & Hickin, 2001;Wooldridge, 2002;Regli et al, 2002;Best et al, 2003;Bristow & Jol, 2003;Skelly et al, 2003;Woodward et al, 2003;Lunt & Bridge, 2004;Lunt et al, 2004a,b;Sambrook Smith et al, 2005); 2 study of channel deposits in frozen rivers, allowing easy access to the whole channel belt, and the procurement of undisturbed cores of unconsolidated gravel (Lunt et al, 2004a,b;Lunt & Bridge, 2004); 3 study of the evolution of channel geometry using sequences of aerial photographs taken at short time intervals Stoijic et al, 1998;Wooldridge, 2002;Lunt & Bridge, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional Models of Braided Rivers

2006

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Depositional models of braided rivers are necessary for rational interpretation of ancient deposits, and to aid in the characterization of subsurface deposits (e.g. aquifers, hydrocarbon reservoirs). A comprehensive depositional model should represent bed geometry, flow and sedimentary processes, and deposits accurately, quantitatively, and in detail. Existing depositional models of braided rivers do not meet these requirements, and there are still many misconceptions about braided rivers and their deposits that need to be expunged. Over the past decade, there have been major advances in our understanding of braided rivers, making it possible to develop new and improved depositional models. First, the use of groundpenetrating radar in combination with cores and trenches has allowed detailed description of the different scales of deposit in braided rivers that vary widely in channel size and sediment size. Second, the study of braided channel geometry and kinematics has been facilitated by the use of aerial photographs taken at short time intervals. In some cases, these photographs have been analysed using digital photogrammetry to produce digital elevation models. Third, water flow and sediment transport at the all-important flood stages have been studied using new equipment and methods (e.g. acoustic Doppler current profilers, positioning using differential global positioning systems). However, such high-flow studies are rare, which is one reason why there has not been much progress in development of realistic theoretical models for the interaction between bed topography, water flow, sediment transport, erosion and deposition. Laboratory experimental studies of braided rivers have continued to be useful for examining the controls on channel geometry and dynamics, but have not been able to generate all of the different types and scales of strata observed in natural braided river deposits.New depositional models for sand-bed and gravel-bed braided rivers are presented here based mainly on studies of natural rivers. They comprise: 1 maps showing idealized active and abandoned channels, compound bars and lobate unit bars; 2 cross-sections showing large-scale inclined strata and their internal structures, associated with migration of compound bars, unit bars and their superimposed bedforms; 3 vertical logs of typical sedimentary sequences through different parts of compound bar deposits and channel fills.Compound bars migrate laterally and downstream, associated mainly with accretion of lobate unit bars. Abandoned channels are mainly filled with unit-bar deposits. The geometry of the different scales of strataset is related to the geometry and migration of the bedform associated with deposition of the strataset. In particular, the length-to-thickness ratio of stratasets is similar to the wavelength-to-height ratio of associated bedforms. Furthermore, the wavelength and height of bedforms such as dunes and bars are related to channel depth and width. Therefore, the thickness of a particular scale of strataset ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depositional Models of Braided Rivers

2006

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“…Therefore the possibilities offered by the GPR to investigate the subsoil in a non-invasively way, and to obtain 3D maps of the subsurface itself, becomes of crucial importance for geologists. The successful obtained by GPR investigations on sedimentary rock stratigraphy is well documented in literature (Annan and Davis, 1989;van Overmeeren, 1998;Mills and Speece, 1997;Mokma et al, 1990;Nobes et al, 2001;Lapen et al, 1996;Baker, 1991;Beres, et al, 1995;Leucci et al, 2000;Carrozzo et al, 2000;Carrozzo et al, 2003). Since GPR holds enormous potential for such studies, it is appropriate to assess some key considerations for, i) field data acquisition, ii) raw data processing in order to enhance data display, iii) EM wave velocity measurements in order to characterize sediments response and to perform the time to depth conversion, iv) lithological interpretation of the GPR data set.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Ground Penetrating Radar: A Useful Tool for Shallow Subsurface Stratigraphy Characterization

Leucci¹

2012

Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits

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“…Such a pattern is common in braided river systems (Beres et al, 1995(Beres et al, , 1999van Overmeeren, 1998). The top of georadar unit II is marked by the strong and continuous reflection A on all profiles (e.g.…”

Section: Shape and Depth Of The Bedrock Surfacementioning

confidence: 86%

Late Quaternary depositional history of the Reuss delta, Switzerland: constraints from high‐resolution seismic reflection and georadar surveys

Nitsche

Green

Horstmeyer

et al. 2002

J Quaternary Science

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Glacial erosion has caused overdeepening of many alpine valleys. After retreat of the ice, they were filled with heterogeneous deposits of glacial, lacustrine and fluvial sediments. A typical example of such a valley segment and its infill is the Reuss delta on the southern shore of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. To obtain a detailed three-dimensional image of this valley segment, the ETH Institute of Geophysics has acquired several two-dimensional, high-resolution seismic and georadar profiles, and conducted a three-dimensional georadar survey. Interpretations of these geophysical data were constrained by a geological core extracted from a borehole 300 m deep near the investigation site. The seismic profiles imaged ca. 600 m of sediment infill above bedrock. Based on their reflection characteristics, five different deposition units were distinguished. These units were interpreted as a succession of clay/silt at the base, followed by different sand units with variable but generally increasing amounts of gravel. This succession represented a prograding delta that filled the southern part of Lake Lucerne. The latest fluvial development of the region is best represented by the georadar data. In particular, the three-dimensional georadar data set provides a detailed view of an ancient braided river channel

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Radar facies of unconsolidated sediments in The Netherlands: A radar stratigraphy interpretation method for hydrogeology

Cited by 168 publications

References 24 publications

Depositional Models of Braided Rivers

Depositional Models of Braided Rivers

Ground Penetrating Radar: A Useful Tool for Shallow Subsurface Stratigraphy Characterization

Late Quaternary depositional history of the Reuss delta, Switzerland: constraints from high‐resolution seismic reflection and georadar surveys

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