Radar options for global earthquake monitoring

Madsen, S.N.; Chen, C.; Edelstein, W.

doi:10.1109/igarss.2002.1026156

Cited by 58 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In the following years, the system design and optimization, the resolution analysis and the accurate imaging algorithms in GEO SAR were developed and refined [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In 2002, Madsen et al first proposed the concept of GEO InSAR, which can realize global earthquake monitoring [23]. The feasibility analysis and advantages of GEO InSAR were demonstrated by Monti-Guarnieri and Bruno et al [12,14,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the joint interferometric processing of TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, the azimuth antenna is adjusted to obtain tiny squint angles, so that the effect of un-parallel repeated tracks can be compensated and the decrease of coherence is addressed [25]. Nevertheless, for a GEO SAR system, since the forecast of the required squint angles is complex and the accurate low energy-wasting antenna adjusting is difficult to achieve due to the large antenna and poor antenna stability, this method will not be the option [17,23]. Finally, it is tried to avoid the squint-looking mode in LEO InSAR generally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Data Acquisition and Height Retrieval in Repeat-Track Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry

Dong

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing

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Geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) will move in a high orbit of ~36,000 km with a long integration time of hundreds of seconds. It is obviously impacted by orbital perturbations and the Earth's rotation, which can give rise to un-parallel repeated tracks and induce a squint-looking angle in the repeat-track SAR interferometry (InSAR). Thus, the traditional data acquisition method using in the zero-Doppler centroid (ZDC) configuration to generate the GEO InSAR pair will bring about the obvious rotation-induced decorrelation. Moreover, the conventional height retrieval model with the broadside mode imaging geometry and the approximate expression of the interferometric baseline will induce large height and localization errors in the GEO InSAR processing. In this paper, a novel data acquisition method is firstly presented based on a criterion of optimal minimal rotational-induced decorrelation (OMRD). It can significantly improve the coherence of the InSAR pair. Then, considering the localization equations in the squint-looking mode and the accurate expression of the interferometric baseline, a modified GEO InSAR height retrieval model is proposed to mitigate the height and localization errors induced by the conventional model. Finally, computer simulations are carried out for the verification of the proposed methods. In a typical inclined GEO InSAR configuration, the averaged total correlation coefficient increases more than 0.4, and height errors of hundreds of meters and localization errors of more than 10 degrees are removed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Data Acquisition and Height Retrieval in Repeat-Track Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry

Dong

et al. 2015

Remote Sensing

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“…2016, 8,916 2 of 14 rarely conducted. In 2002, Madsen et al proposed the basic conception of using GEO D-InSAR to monitor the worldwide earthquake activities and analyzed the feasibility of the system [16]. Later, Monti-Guarneri and Bruno [2,17,18] studied the temporal advantages of a GEO D-InSAR system in surface deformation monitoring and the decorrelation impacts on GEO SAR data processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Temporal-Spatial Variant Background Ionosphere on Repeat-Track GEO D-InSAR System

Dong

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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An L band geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) differential interferometry system (D-InSAR) will be obviously impacted by the background ionosphere, which will give rise to relative image shifts and decorrelations of the SAR interferometry (InSAR) pair, and induce the interferometric phase screen errors in interferograms. However, the background ionosphere varies within the long integration time (hundreds to thousands of seconds) and the extensive imaging scene (1000 km levels) of GEO SAR. As a result, the conventional temporal-spatial invariant background ionosphere model (i.e., frozen model) used in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) SAR is no longer valid. To address the issue, we firstly construct a temporal-spatial background ionosphere variation model, and then theoretically analyze its impacts, including relative image shifts and the decorrelation of the GEO InSAR pair, and the interferometric phase screen errors, on the repeat-track GEO D-InSAR processing. The related impacts highly depend on the background ionosphere parameters (constant total electron content (TEC) component, and the temporal first-order and the temporal second-order derivatives of TEC with respect to the azimuth time), signal bandwidth, and integration time. Finally, the background ionosphere data at Isla Guadalupe Island (29.02 • N, 118.27 • W) on 7-8 October 2013 is employed for validating the aforementioned analysis. Under the selected background ionosphere dataset, the temporal-spatial background ionosphere variation can give rise to a relative azimuth shift of dozens of meters at most, and even the complete decorrelation in the InSAR pair. Moreover, the produced interferometric phase screen error corresponds to a deformation measurement error of more than 0.2 m at most, even in a not severely impacted area.

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“…Coverage analyses for the LEO+ and geosynchronous SAR cases have been presented previously [1,3]. In this section we briefly describe the results of a coverage analysis for a SAR operating at an altitude of approximately 3000 km.…”

Section: Meo Point Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous study [1,3] has examined the coverage provided by a ten-satellite geosynchronous SAR constellation, finding that most areas on the ground could be kept in view continuously for many hours at a time. Because SAR sensors require relative motion between the platform and the Earth surface, however, geostationary orbits are not useful.…”

Section: Higher Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational architectures for enabling earthquake forecasting

Chen¹,

Raymond²,

Madsen³

IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477)

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Observational architectures for allowing the eventual forecasting of earthquakes are discussed. Current science requirements suggest that L-band InSAR systems with short repeat periods would be best suited to such measurements. Constellations of such sensors in orbits around 2000-5000 km altitude might provide optimal Earth coverage for interferometry, while higher orbits around 10,000-40,000 km might approach the goal of around-the-clock coverage for disaster-response applications.

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Radar options for global earthquake monitoring

Cited by 58 publications

References 1 publication

Optimal Data Acquisition and Height Retrieval in Repeat-Track Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry

Optimal Data Acquisition and Height Retrieval in Repeat-Track Geosynchronous SAR Interferometry

Impacts of Temporal-Spatial Variant Background Ionosphere on Repeat-Track GEO D-InSAR System

Observational architectures for enabling earthquake forecasting

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