Radcliffe Respiration Pumps

Schuster, Edgar; Smith, Alison C.; Spalding, J. M. K.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(56)90597-9

Cited by 32 publications

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“…Two (Russell, Schuster, Smith & Spalding, 1956) through a cuffed tracheotomy tube which provided an airtight seal in the trachea. The frequency imposed during artificial ventilation was constant for each patient, and the patients were artificially ventilated for at least 18 hr daily.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation volume as a stimulus to spontaneous ventilation after prolonged artificial ventilation

Smith¹,

Spalding²,

Watson³

1962

The Journal of Physiology

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The observations reported in this paper are intended to determine whether the ventilation volume imposed during artificial ventilation has an effect on subsequent spontaneous ventilation. It reports investigations on paretic patients in which the tidal volume imposed during artificial ventilation was varied, but the end-tidal PCO2 and the ventilatory frequency were kept constant. A variable volume of external dead space was introduced during artificial ventilation. Periods of spontaneous ventilation were subsequently permitted, and during these periods the external dead space was small. The effect has been observed of these changes in imposed tidal volume on the ventilation subsequently chosen by the patient when breathing spontaneously, and on his response to C02 added to the inspired air. METHODSMaterial. Two which provided an airtight seal in the trachea. The frequency imposed during artificial ventilation was constant for each patient, and the patients were artificially ventilated for at least 18 hr daily. Throughout the period of artificial ventilation a variable volume of external dead space was inserted between the tracheotomy tube and the inspiratory and expiratory leads from the respiration pump. Tidal volume was adjusted to keep the end-tidal PCO2 at the tracheotomy tube constant. The total external dead space was between 25 and 500 ml. and it consisted of plastic tubing

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation volume as a stimulus to spontaneous ventilation after prolonged artificial ventilation

Smith¹,

Spalding²,

Watson³

1962

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Subject G.W., male, aged 34 yr, had had poliomyelitis 2k yr before and was paralysed below the neck except that he was capable of slight movement of the right toes. He was dependent upon artificial respiration which he received by intermittent positive pressure from a Radcliffe Respiration Pump (Russell, Schuster, Smith & Spalding, 1956) through a cuffed tracheotomy tube (Spalding & Smith, 1956) which provided an airtight seal in the trachea. His autonomic nervous system was intact as judged clinically, by the response of his arterial pressure to Valsalva's manoeuvre, by changes in venous distensibility in response to the changes in intrathoracic pressure (Watson, 1961), and by maintenance of transmural central venous pressure in the face of a rising intrathoracic pressure (Watson, Smith & Spalding, 1962).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of central body and trunk skin temperatures on reflex vasodilatation in the hand

Cooper¹,

Johnson²,

Spalding³

1964

The Journal of Physiology

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Pickering (1932) showed that the increase in hand blood flow, which occurs when the opposite forearm and hand are immersed in warm water, is prevented if the flow of blood in the veins of the heated arm is arrested. This implies that one component in the initiation of hand vasodilatation is the activation of centrally placed receptors by a rise in blood temperature. Benzinger (1962) concluded that the activity of heat-loss mechanisms is principally dependent upon a central receptor mechanism. There is, however, evidence that this is not the only mechanism involved in vasodilatation due to warming. When radiant heat is applied to the trunk, vasodilatation may begin in the hand within as little as 15 sec, and may proceed in spite of a falling central temperature (Kerslake & Cooper, 1950; Cooper & Kerslake, 1954). These observations imply that there is also a reflex component in the initiation of vasodilatation.Reflex vasodilatation in the hand is used clinically as a test of the integrity of the autonomic nervous system. It is therefore necessary to know the circumstances in which this reflex can be expected to occur. The present investigations are concerned with the influence of central temperature and of trunk skin temperature on this reflex. METHODSTo study effect of central temperature Material. Twenty-seven subjects (sixteen male, eleven female) aged 17-86 yr were examined. They were patients admitted to hospital with various disorders and none had a known disorder of temperature regulation. Subject M.M., a man aged 17 yr, had received a severe head injury 14 months previously and was unconscious. Sweating in response to radiant heat was slightly greater on the right than the left side of the body but vasomotor reflexes, namely the response of the arterial blood pressure to Valsalva's manoeuvre, to change of posture and to noise were within the normal range. Subject G.W., male, aged 34 yr, had had poliomyelitis 2k yr before and was paralysed below the neck except that he was capable of slight movement of the right toes. He was dependent upon artificial

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“…All had clinically and radiologically normal lungs at the time of investigation. Each patient was usually ventilated with a Radcliffe respiration pump (Russell et al, 1956) through a cuffed tracheotomy tube (Spalding and Smith, 1956) which provided an airtight seal in the trachea. During the course of this investigation each subject was ventilated with an experimental respiration pump which allowed the duration of inspiration and the imposed tracheal positive pressure waveform to be varied (Watson, Spalding and Smith, 1962).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Mechanical Work of Intermittent Positive Pressure Respiration

Watson

1962

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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The mechanical work of respiration imposed by intermittent positive pressure was investigated in five totally paralyzed subjects. The chest wall was found to have no demonstrable non-elastic component to its resistance. The effect of alteration of the duration of inspiration upon the lungs' elastic and non-elastic resistance and upon chest wall resistance was determined. The effect of altering the imposed tracheal positive pressure waveform at a constant duration of inspiration upon the lungs' elastic and non-elastic resistance was determined.

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Radcliffe Respiration Pumps

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Ventilation volume as a stimulus to spontaneous ventilation after prolonged artificial ventilation

Ventilation volume as a stimulus to spontaneous ventilation after prolonged artificial ventilation

The effects of central body and trunk skin temperatures on reflex vasodilatation in the hand

Observations on the Mechanical Work of Intermittent Positive Pressure Respiration

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