Radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall: Their relation to pulsatile pressure and flow in the artery

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the radial and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall in the context of pulsatile pressure and flow, and to understand their physiological implications for the cardiovascular system. A reexamination of the well-established one-dimensional governing equations for axial blood flow in the artery and the constitutive equation for the radial dilation of the arterial wall shows that two waves-a pulsatile pressure wave in the artery and a radial displacement wave in the arterial wall-propagate simultaneously along the arterial tree with the same propagation velocity, explaining why this velocity combines the physical properties and geometries of both the blood and the arterial wall. With consideration of their coupling, the governing equations for the radial motion and longitudinal motion of the arterial wall are derived separately. The driving force for the radial motion of the arterial wall arises from its longitudinal motion. The longitudinal motion of the arterial wall is the standard longitudinal elastic wave with two driving forces: one associated with the pulsatile flow rate and the other associated with the radial motion. These derived governing equations shed insights on some recent experimental findings in the literature, including the correlation of measured arterial wall stiffness (solely based on the radial motion) to its longitudinal motion, the decreasing trend of arterial wall distensibility from the aorta to the periphery, the underlying mechanism of the longitudinal motion pattern of the common carotid arterial wall, and the motion pattern variation in longitudinal motion with aging and diseases.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Human Aortas for Material Characterization

“…Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, is projected to cost the nation $1.1 trillion dollars by 2035 [1]. An escalating interest in cardiovascular surgery involves replacing widely used synthetic grafts, like Dacron, with innovative biomaterials or tissue engineering [2], as it fails to correctly mimic the dynamic behavior of the aorta, negatively affecting the local blood pressure and flow through a large reduction of the Windkessel effect [3][4][5]. Complications like heart overloading and replacement surgeries may ensue from prolonged usage of synthetic grafts, thus inciting research in understanding aortic tissue behavior to design mechanically compatible grafts [6].…”

Differences in Cardiac-Pulsatility-Induced Displacement and Geometry Changes between the Cook ZBIS and Gore IBE: Postoperative Comparison Using ECG-Gated CTA Scans

“…The blood pressure was not obtained during the CT scans in this study. In future research, blood pressure measurements during the cardiac-gated CT scanning should be included since it can provide additional pivotal information regarding the magnitude of displacement and dynamic geometric changes [37]. Still, hypertension was observed more in the ZBIS group, while the pulsatile deformation was less in this group.…”

Evaluation of Arterial Diameter by Mathematical Transformation of APG for Ambulatory Stiffness

“…It has been researched for its clinical implications of cardiovascular and vascular diseases. Arterial wall radial motion has been investigated for the estimation of the wall stiffness, neglecting the longitudinal movement [1]. The arterial wall stiffness evaluation helps in the early diagnosis of atherosclerotic or arteriosclerotis changes in the arterial tree for preventing the development of vascular diseases.…”