Radial Glia in Echinoderms

Mashanov, Vladimir; Zueva, Olga

doi:10.1002/dneu.22659

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the radial nerve cords, the supporting cells (radial glial cells) close to the amputation site react to injury by dedifferentiating and then re-differentiating into the same cytotype, as well as into newly specialized neurons (Mashanov et al, 2008(Mashanov et al, , 2013. In this sense, the radial glial cells can be considered a differentiated local source of new neural elements as well as new supporting cells necessary for the regrowth of the nerve structure (Mashanov and Zueva, 2019). As such, their potency would be rather restricted.…”

Section: Holothuroideamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Ferrario

Sugni

Somorjai

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diversity of regenerative phenomena seen in adult metazoans, as well as their underlying mechanistic bases, are still far from being comprehensively understood. Reviewing both ultrastructural and molecular data, the present work aims to showcase the increasing relevance of invertebrate deuterostomes, i.e., echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates, as invaluable models to study cellular aspects of adult regeneration. Our comparative approach suggests a fundamental contribution of local dedifferentiation -rather than mobilization of resident undifferentiated stem cells-as an important cellular mechanism contributing to regeneration in these groups. Thus, elucidating the cellular origins, recruitment and fate of cells, as well as the molecular signals underpinning tissue regrowth in regenerationcompetent deuterostomes, will provide the foundation for future research in tackling the relatively limited regenerative abilities of vertebrates, with clear applications in regenerative medicine.

show abstract

Section: Holothuroideamentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Ferrario

Sugni

Somorjai

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Aplysia's sensorimotor synapses glutamate act as a neurotransmitter, and glutamate transporters has been located within similar to mammalian disposition (Levenson et al, 2000). Siddiqui and Viglierchio, 1977;Auld and Robitaille, 2003;Orrhage and Müller, 2005 Soma range 4-20 µm, 0.2-2 µm thick 1.1-50 µm Willmer, 1978;Goldstein et al, 1982;Paemen et al, 1992;Rajkowska et al, 1998;Coles, 2009 Nuclear shape Rounded or ovoid Rounded, ovoid, elongated, comma shaped, and polylobular Mashanov et al, 2013;García-Cabezas et al, 2016 Cytoplasm Usually not visible Usually not visible García-Cabezas et al, 2016;Mashanov and Zueva, 2018 Process length Up to 600 µm Up to 300 µm Willmer, 1978;Goldstein et al, 1982;Paemen et al, 1992;Coles, 2009;Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2011 The table summarizes the known glia characteristics of marine invertebrates in which these cells have been found.…”

Section: Role Of Glia Cells In Marine Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They described that in echinoderms, radial glia cells are the major and unique type of glial cells. Radial glial cells of Holothuria glaberrima adults, act as precursors of new-born glial cells and neurons (San Miguel-Ruiz et al, 2009;Mashanov et al, 2013), and constitute the supporting scaffold during neuronal migration (Mashanov and Zueva, 2018). Molecular aspects of this process regulated by glia cells showed that Myc and Bmi-1, besides mammal's gene homologs like Sox2, Oct4, and Klf4 take part in sea cucumber neuroregeneration (Mashanov et al, 2015b(Mashanov et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Reported Species Glia Functions Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurons and Glia Cells in Marine Invertebrates: An Update

Ortega

Olivares-Bañuelos

2020

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nervous system (NS) of invertebrates and vertebrates is composed of two main types of cells: neurons and glia. In both types of organisms, nerve cells have similarities in biochemistry and functionality. The neurons are in charge of the synapse, and the glial cells are in charge of important functions of neuronal and homeostatic modulation. Knowing the mechanisms by which NS cells work is important in the biomedical area for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. For this reason, cellular and animal models to study the properties and characteristics of the NS are always sought. Marine invertebrates are strategic study models for the biological sciences. The sea slug Aplysia californica and the squid Loligo pealei are two examples of marine key organisms in the neurosciences field. The principal characteristic of marine invertebrates is that they have a simpler NS that consists of few and larger cells, which are well organized and have accessible structures. As well, the close phylogenetic relationship between Chordata and Echinodermata constitutes an additional advantage to use these organisms as a model for the functionality of neuronal cells and their cellular plasticity. Currently, there is great interest in analyzing the signaling processes between neurons and glial cells, both in vertebrates and in invertebrates. However, only few types of glial cells of invertebrates, mostly insects, have been studied, and it is important to consider marine organisms' research. For this reason, the objective of the review is to present an update of the most relevant information that exists around the physiology of marine invertebrate neuronal and glial cells.

show abstract

“…Echinoderms on the other hand have an impressive ability for extensive whole body regeneration found in most species of the phylum (Ferrario et al, 2020). For this reason, there has been extensive research into the mechanisms of regeneration in many species of echinoderms (Ferrario et al, 2020;Kondo and Akasaka, 2010;Dupont and Thorndyke, 2007;Piovani et al, 2021;Vickery et al, 2001;García-Arrarás et al, 2018;Mashanov and Zueva, 2019;Mashanov et al, 2020). For example, molecular and ultrastructural studies in brittle star arm regeneration point to use of adjacent epithelial cells to differentiate into sclerocytes needed for arm skeleton regeneration, recapitulating, at least in part, a development program (Piovani et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the Sox2 lineage

Zheng

Zueva

Hinman

2022

eLife

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to restore lost body parts following traumatic injury is a fascinating area of biology that challenges current understanding of the ontogeny of differentiation. The origin of new cells needed to regenerate lost tissue, and whether they are pluripotent stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells or have de- or trans- differentiated, remains one of the most important open questions in regeneration. Additionally, it is not clearly known whether developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are reused to direct specification in these cells or whether regeneration specific networks are deployed. Echinoderms, including sea stars, have extensive ability for regeneration and have therefore been the subject of many thorough studies on the ultrastructural and molecular properties of cells needed for regeneration. However, the technologies for obtaining transgenic echinoderms are limited and tracking cells involved in regeneration, and thus identifying the cellular sources and potencies has proven challenging. In this study we develop new transgenic tools to follow the fate of populations of cells in the regenerating bipinnaria larva of the sea star Patira minaita. We show that the larval serotonergic nervous system can regenerate following decapitation. Using a BAC-transgenesis approach with photoconvertible fluorescent proteins, we show that expression of the pan ectodermal marker, sox2, is induced in previously sox2 minus cells at the wound site, even when cell division is inhibited. sox2+ cells give rise to new sox4+ neural precursors that then proceed along an embryonic neurogenesis pathway to reform the anterior nervous systems. sox2+ cells contribute to only neural and ectoderm lineages, indicating that these progenitors maintain their normal, embryonic lineage restriction. This indicates that sea star larval regeneration uses a combination of existing lineage restricted stem cells, as well as respecification of cells into neural lineages, and at least partial reuse of developmental GRNs to regenerate their nervous system.

show abstract

Radial Glia in Echinoderms

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Neurons and Glia Cells in Marine Invertebrates: An Update

Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the Sox2 lineage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About