Radiant energy required for infrared neural stimulation

Tan, Xiaodong; Rajguru, Suhrud M.; Young, Hunter; Xia, Nan; Stock, Stuart R.; Xiao, Xianghui; Richter, Claus Peter

doi:10.1038/srep13273

Cited by 53 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Several groups have proposed a photothermal mechanism, in which the accumulation of heat leads to alterations of ion channel activity, resulting in the auditory response. [22][23][24][25][26] In contrast, our experiment results indicate that the optoacoustic e®ect is the most likely mechanism for OCAPs. Some authors have tried to exclude the optoacoustic e®ect by chronically or acutely deafening guinea pigs, 14,21 and thereafter evaluating the deafening e®ect by measuring the threshold with pure acoustic stimuli.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Photoacoustic effect invokes auditory response in infrared neuron stimulation

Yang

Guan

2019

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Infrared neuron stimulation is regarded as an innovative approach for stimulating cochleae in animals while the exact mechanism still remains unknown. In this paper, we studied compound action potentials of guinea pig cochleae with chronic or acute deafness. We recorded optical compound action potentials and analyzed stretched cochlear preparations by fluorescence microscopy. Photoacoustic signals were measured by hydrophone and microphone, respectively. In our experiment, we observed a switch response effect in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, we proposed photoacoustic effect could invoke auditory response in infrared neuron stimulation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Photoacoustic effect invokes auditory response in infrared neuron stimulation

Yang

Guan

2019

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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“…Mean radiant exposure required to evoke OCAPs was 18.9-12.2 mJ/ cm 2 . 18,19 The authors proposed that their results supported the notion of direct radiant interaction with neurons. Kallweit et al measured the pressure evoked by pulsed laser stimulating a water cylinder and the corresponding signal shapes of laser absorption in intracochlear optical stimulation of guinea pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

Guan

Yang

2017

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Background: Infrared laser stimulation has been proposed as an innovative method to elicit an auditory nerve response. Most studies have focused on using long-wavelength infrared (> 980 nm) pulsed lasers with high water absorption coe±cients. This paper sought to assess whether a shortwavelength laser (465 nm) with an absorption coe±cient as low as 10 À3 cm À1 would activate the auditory nerve and studied its potential mechanism. Method: Optical compound action potentials (OCAPs) were recorded when synchronous trigger laser pulses stimulate the cochlea before and after deafening, varying the pulse durations (from 800 s to 3600 s) and the amount of radiant energy (from 18.05 mJ/cm 2 to 107.91 mJ/cm 2 ). A thermal infrared imager was applied to monitor the temperature change of the guinea pig cochlea. Results: The results showed that pulsed laser stimulation at 465 nm could invoke OCAPs and had a similar waveform compared to the acoustical compound action potentials. The amplitude of OCAPs had a positive correlation with the increasing laser peak power, while the latency of OCAPs showed a negative correlation. The imager data showed that the temperature in the cochlea rose quickly by about 0.3 C right after stimulating the cochlea and decreased quickly back to the initial temperature as the stimulation ended. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates that 465-nm laser stimulation can successfully induce OCAPs outside the cochlea, and that the amplitude and latency of the invoked OCAPs are highly a®ected

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“…They are surrounded by perilymph which is confluent with cisternal cerebrospinal fluid. Hence, the demonstration that inner ear hair cells and neurons are responsive to infrared stimulation raises the question of the potential local signaling roles of inner ear thermogenic proteins (eg, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins) and thermally sensitive ion channels (eg, TRPV1) in both caloric responses and migraine . Local thermogenesis can be produced by activation of UCP2 and UCP3 from recombinant yeast and activation‐related recovery heat dissipation was doubled in isolated soleus muscles from mice overexpressing UCP3 …”

Section: Discussion/observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Neuroscience for the Headache Specialist

Balaban

Black²,

Silberstein

2019

Headache

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Background.-The vestibular system is a multifaceted, integrative sensory system that is often referred to as the "multi-sensory" sense. There is an extensive literature about the vestibular sensory organs and afferent nerve pathways; however, this rich resource is often unknown to the headache specialist.Aims.-In this review, we highlight the significance of vestibular sensory processing beyond its role in the maintenance of balance. The role of the vestibular system in migraine pathophysiology is emphasized, not just in how it impacts dizziness or nausea, but also in its higher order effects on mood and cognition. How the vestibular system responds to current and new migraine therapies, such as anti-CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) antibodies, is also discussed.Conclusions.-The vestibular system is not just about balance; this should be taken into account by clinicians as they assess their patients' associated non-headache symptoms. There is a co-occurrence of migraine and vestibular-based problems and a confluence of disciplines relevant to vestibular migraine.Abbreviations: 5-HT receptors (5-hydroxytryptamine), (serotonin receptors) class of G protein coupled receptor and ligandgated ion channels. The subscript designations refer to specific receptor types, ATPase adenosine triphosphatase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis or decomposition of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a free phosphate ion, BOLD fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cav2.1 voltage-dependent calcium channel, c-FOS protein that is often used as an indirect marker of neuronal activity, ICHD-3 International Classification of Headache Disorders, NaKA sodiumpotassium ATPase, SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Substance P neuropeptide that may affect vasodilation, inflammation, pain expression, and other regulated processes, TRPV1 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, member 1, UCP2, 3 mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (or 3) HEADACHE CURRENTS Headache CurrentsHeadache Headache Currents mismatch") 20 can result in motion sickness, simulator sickness, and cybersickness. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Other somatic, non-vestibular signals that are involved in balance control and spatial orientation have been reviewed elsewhere 7 Since every tissue in the body has mass (including blood), linear acceleration (including gravity) alters sensory signals from baroreceptors, visceral pressure receptors, and somatic proprioceptors. These multiple sensory inputs simultaneously coordinate motor and autonomic responses during movement and changes in posture, particularly during unusual conditions (eg, swimming underwater). Vestibular Sensory PeripheryBody and head movements produce inertial and gravitational forces that are detected by vestibular sensory organs. 27 Since these organs are embedded in the temporal bone of the skull, the sensory information is "head-referenced." These organs are similar in structure in all vertebrates with jaws. 28 There are...

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Radiant energy required for infrared neural stimulation

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Photoacoustic effect invokes auditory response in infrared neuron stimulation

Photoacoustic effect invokes auditory response in infrared neuron stimulation

In vivo auditory nerve stimulation with visible light

Vestibular Neuroscience for the Headache Specialist

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