Radiation and Radiation Disorders

Jones, Jeffrey A.; Karouia, Fathi; Pinsky, L.; Cristea, Octav

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9889-0_2

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Kesari et al (2018) stated that radiation harms reproductive aspects such as spermatogenic cell populations and cell malformations, which causes a reduction in the number of sperm and non-living spermatozoa. Radiation doses as low as 0.15 Gy could result in decreased concentrations of spermatozoa (oligospermia) (Jones et al 2019). Decreased spermatozoa concentration could be affecting fertility.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the effect of X-ray radiation on spermatozoa of rat conducted by Hariyoto et al (2002) showed that X-ray radiation exposure decreases sperm motility and viability in Wistar rats with the optimum doses 100 mGy. According to Biedka et al (2016), a radiation dose of 0.15 Gy caused a temporary threshold dose of sterility, whereas a threshold dose for permanent sterility in male rats is 3 Gy (Jones et al 2019). However, there is still limited data on the dose of gamma rays for sterility of rice field rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of 60Co gamma-ray exposure to the reproductive systems of rat (Rattus argentiventer) as sterile male technique

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Sutapa GN, Supartha IW, Wijaya IN, Puja IK, Syaifudin M. 2020. The effectiveness of 60Co gamma ray exposure to the reproductive systems of rat (Rattus argentiventer) as sterile male technique. Biodiversitas 21: 3805-3810. Various strategies have been implemented to control pests, however, these do not able to reduce rat attacks on rice plants. Therefore, the sterile male technique (SMT) using 60Co gamma radiation was introduced. A group of rats (Rattus argentiventer) of 2 months age were irradiated with 1-6 Gy doses (dose rate of 99.5631 cGy/min) and the quantity, morphology, and viability of spermatozoa of rats were assessed with standard procedures. The results showed that the concentration of spermatozoa was decreased with increasing radiation doses where for lower than 4 Gy were categorized as normal (>20 million/mL). The morphology of spermatozoa also decreased with increasing radiation dose where under 3 Gy were in normal (> 50%). Spermatozoa viability was also decreased where for doses 1 and 2 Gy were categorized as normal. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the exposed group to control in spermatozoa quantity, morphology, and viability. This finding is quite similar with other experiments on the reproductive appearance of rat based on spermatozoa after irradiation. It is concluded that dose of 3 Gy that caused changes in spermatozoa with its viability still above 50% is the most appropriate dose for SMT of rice field rats.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of 60Co gamma-ray exposure to the reproductive systems of rat (Rattus argentiventer) as sterile male technique

et al. 2020

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“…The majority of radiation experienced by life on the terrestrial surface is in the form of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., high-energy photons without mass or charge) [ 2 ]. Beyond the Earth’s geomagnetosphere, however, the space radiation environment is not only unmitigated but also characterized by a different type of radiation in addition to the electromagnetic—namely, particle radiation (i.e., high energy particles with mass and with or without charge) [ 3 ]. In space, this particle radiation takes two principal forms: a) moderate-to-high energy protons released from the sun during solar particle events (SPEs), and b) high energy protons and heavier ions traveling through space at relativistic speeds, known as galactic cosmic rays (GCRs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To help set appropriate limits on radiation exposure, the principle of “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) is applied in various occupational settings. Terrestrial radiation workers are limited to an exposure of 50 mSv/year, whereas the annual exposure limit for US astronauts is 500 mSv, with career limits set such that there is a maximum of 3% increased lifetime risk of exposure-induced death from cancer [ 3 ]. Depending on astronaut age and sex, this upper limit can therefore range from 600–1200 mSv [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the increased radiation environment, however, astronauts in LEO are still generally protected by the Earth’s geomagetosphere, with the majority of the radiation dose absorbed during a spacecraft’s brief passage through the South Atlantic Anomaly—a region where trapped radiation in the Earth’s geomagnetic field dips to lower altitudes [ 24 ]. Crew members on an average Space Shuttle mission incurred a skin dose of 4.3 mSv, and current crews on the ISS incur an average skin dose of 0.5–1 mSv/day, varying with baseline solar activity [ 3 ]. Beyond LEO, the highest skin dose incurred during the Apollo 14 mission, which lasted just over 9 d and included 9 h of extra-vehicular lunar surface operations, was 14 mSv [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Montesinos¹,

Khalid

Cristea

et al. 2021

Life

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Background: Space radiation is one of the principal environmental factors limiting the human tolerance for space travel, and therefore a primary risk in need of mitigation strategies to enable crewed exploration of the solar system. Methods: We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding potential means to reduce the biological effects of space radiation. New countermeasure strategies for exploration-class missions are proposed, based on recent advances in nutrition, pharmacologic, and immune science. Results: Radiation protection can be categorized into (1) exposure-limiting: shielding and mission duration; (2) countermeasures: radioprotectors, radiomodulators, radiomitigators, and immune-modulation, and; (3) treatment and supportive care for the effects of radiation. Vehicle and mission design can augment the overall exposure. Testing in terrestrial laboratories and earth-based exposure facilities, as well as on the International Space Station (ISS), has demonstrated that dietary and pharmacologic countermeasures can be safe and effective. Immune system modulators are less robustly tested but show promise. Therapies for radiation prodromal syndrome may include pharmacologic agents; and autologous marrow for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Conclusions: Current radiation protection technology is not yet optimized, but nevertheless offers substantial protection to crews based on Lunar or Mars design reference missions. With additional research and human testing, the space radiation risk can be further mitigated to allow for long-duration exploration of the solar system.

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Understanding how space travel affects the female reproductive system to the Moon and beyond

Mathyk,

Imudia,

Quaas

et al. 2024

npj Womens Health

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As the space industry grows exponentially and aspirations for space travel expand, we are entering a new era where we will very likely become an interplanetary species. Although reproduction is an essential human function and necessary for species survival, we have remarkably little knowledge regarding the impact of space travel on the female reproductive system. The effects of spaceflight on human reproductive potential, fertility, implantation and subsequent pregnancy resulting in a healthy live birth must be considered before planning prolonged spaceflight missions and the colonization of planets. In this review, we explore what is known and what remains to be learned about the effects of space travel on female reproductive endocrinology. We also delve deeper into reproductive endocrinology and discuss normal physiologic mechanisms at the molecular level to have a better understanding of how it may change during spaceflight. The rigors of spaceflight including radiation, gravitational stressors, and circadian rhythm changes could potentially affect ovulation, fertilization, endometrial receptivity, preimplantation embryo development, embryo implantation, placentation, and pregnancy. Thus, we will examine what is known about spaceflight effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, early embryogenesis, endometrial receptivity, and pregnancy. We further discuss the recent advances in reproductive endocrinology and future research platforms. Establishing a better understanding of the effect of space travel on female reproductive health, as well as developing countermeasures to mitigate adverse effects, are decisive components of our species’ successful transition to an interplanetary one.

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Radiation and Radiation Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 168 publications

The effectiveness of 60Co gamma-ray exposure to the reproductive systems of rat (Rattus argentiventer) as sterile male technique

The effectiveness of 60Co gamma-ray exposure to the reproductive systems of rat (Rattus argentiventer) as sterile male technique

Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Understanding how space travel affects the female reproductive system to the Moon and beyond

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