Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Anda, Angéla; Lőke, Zs.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.2005.00124.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In many regions of the world, soil albedo is lower than plant albedo, but not in some (semi-)arid regions where soils may have a similar or even higher albedo than the vegetation. Similarly, water-use efficiency and evapotranspiration between crop species differ widely (Yoo et al, 2009), even for the same cultivars (Anda & Løke, 2005). Although crop heights are limited, roughness can be expected to vary similarly as for grasslands (Li et al, 2000).…”

Section: Crop Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Erb¹,

Luyssaert

Meyfroidt

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

181

167

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In light of daunting global sustainability challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss and food security, improving our understanding of the complex dynamics of the Earth system is crucial.However, large knowledge gaps related to the effects of land management persist, in particular those human-induced changes in terrestrial ecosystems that do not result in land cover conversions. Here we review the current state of knowledge of ten common land management activities for their biogeochemical and biophysical impacts, the level of process-understanding and data availability. Our review shows that ca. one tenth of the ice free land surface is under intense human management, half under medium and one fifth under extensive management. Based on our review, we cluster these ten management activities into three groups: (1) management activities for which datasets are available, and for which a good knowledge base exists (cropland harvest and irrigation); (2) management activities for which sufficient knowledge on biogeochemical and biophysical effects exists but robust global datasets are lacking (forest harvest, tree species selection, grazing and mowing harvest, N-fertilization); and (3) land management practices with severe data gaps concomitant with an unsatisfactory level of process understanding (crop species selection, artificial wetland drainage, tillage and fire management and crop residue management, an element of crop harvest). Although we identify multiple impediments to progress, we conclude that the current status of process understanding and data availability is sufficient to advance with incorporating management in e.g. Earth System or Dynamic Vegetation models in order to provide a systematic assessment of their role in the Earth system. This review contributes to a strategic prioritization of research efforts across multiple disciplines, including land system research, ecological research and Earth system modelling.

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Section: Crop Species Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Erb¹,

Luyssaert

Meyfroidt

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

181

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…F v /F m was by 2.7 and 4.6%, lower compared to two million, respectively, for Barke at BBCH 45 GS. It was established that the low plant SD allowed more energy to reach the soil, from which it was reflected, making a considerable contribution to the final temperature in the stand and water transpiration from soil and foliage (Anda and Løke 2005). The plants in a denser stand have intercompetition pressure not only for nutrition, but also for light, and a lower light intensity inside the stand leads to a lower carbon gain of the individual plants (Del Pozo and Dennett 1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence in different densities of spring barley

2011

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Over the period 2008-2009, field experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture on an Endocalcari-Epihypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-p-w-can). The study was aimed to establish the effects of spring barley crop stand density on the chlorophyll fluorescence and to estimate the relationship between grain yield and chlorophyll fluorescence value. The tests involved three spring barley varieties-Aura DS, Barke and Gustav. The three different stand densities were formed with seed rates of two, four and six million viable seeds per hectare. Our research findings indicated that increasing spring barley stand density did not exert any negative influence on major photosynthetic processes and did not result in any significant qualitative changes in light harvesting system. A significant varietal (factor B) influence was established on minimum fluorescence (F o ) and maximum fluorescence (F m ) values after short dark adaptation indicators (F fact. = 19.66** and F fact. = 9.33**, respectively). Growth stage (factor C) significantly influenced all fluorescence indicators-Fo, Fm and quantum efficiency of PSII after short dark adaptation (F v /F m )-in the five cases of the six tested. A significant effect of variety and growth stage interaction (B 9 C) was determined for 66.7% of the tested cases. The article presents a correlation between the grain yield of spring barley and fluorescence parameters. In most cases, the correlation was strong and significant. The interaction between the fluorescence parameters for individual varieties was responsible for 53.8-76.2% of grain yield data variation, which averaged over all varieties, amounted to 21.9-46.1%.

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“…Among the terms in the net balance, the latent heat was calculated on the basis of the energy required to evaporate 1 mm water (2.45 MJ/m 2 ) [15]. The energy reaching the soil was calculated with the [16] formula on the basis of global radiation penetration using extinction coefficients recorded locally [17]. The source of sensible heat was the residual energy (net balancesoil heat flux-latent heat).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Simulated Airborne Soot on Maize Growth and Development

Anda¹,

Illés²

2012

JEP

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Various effects of the dry deposition of soot on maize were investigated in Keszthely (Hungary) in two consecutive years. In order to be able to study a wider range of weather conditions, some of the plants were placed in a Thornthwaite-Matter type evapotranspirometer and given ad libitum water supplies. Pollution with airborne black carbon was simulated throughout the season by distributing rates of 3 g?m^–2 a week using a motorised dust sprayer. Among the plant growth parameters, the leaf area index was increased by 3% - 14%, depending on the year, suggesting that the plants were able to absorb the carbon settling on the leaves. The black carbon reduced the albedo of the canopy by 17.5% - 21.8%, depending on the year, forcing the polluted maize to absorb more energy. Part of this surplus energy was utilised for increased evapotranspiration (3.9% and 11% in the two years) and to raise the surface temperature of the canopy by 1℃ - 2℃ during the mid-day hours. The effect of the contamination on maize was more intense in the hot, dry year. The unfavourable effect of soot on maize fertilisation could be observed as a significant increase in the number of deformed ears, leading to a reduction in grain dry matter. The reduction in dry matter yield for polluted maize grown with irrigation in the evapotranspirometer was far less severe than that on non-irrigated plots, suggesting that irrigation was the most obvious solution for mitigating the negative effects of contamination with airborne soot

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Radiation Balance Components of Maize Hybrids Grown at Various Plant Densities

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Land management: data availability and process understanding for global change studies

Evaluation of chlorophyll fluorescence in different densities of spring barley

Impact of Simulated Airborne Soot on Maize Growth and Development

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