Radiation Balance of Urban Materials and Their Thermal Impact in Semi-Desert Region: Mexicali, México Study Case

Santillán-Soto, Néstor; García-Cueto, Rafael; Haro-Rincón, Zalia; Ojeda‐Benítez, Sara; Quintero-Núñez, Margarito; Velázquez, N.

doi:10.3390/atmos6101578

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition, larger differences in K ↑ occur between the PL (dark‐colored pavement) and REF (light‐colored cement and undeveloped surfaces) sites that have large albedo differences, while the most similar K ↑ occurs for the ML and REF sites, which have the most similar albedo. This is consistent with urban measurements by Santillán‐Soto et al () who reported much lower values of K ↑ for pavement surfaces as compared to other urban land covers, including cement, grass, and clay surfaces. It also indicates that the large differences in Q * between the ML site and the REF site during the NAM season are not due to variations of shortwave components or albedo differences.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

et al. 2018

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The impact of urbanization on water and energy fluxes varies according to the characteristics of the urban patch type. Nevertheless, urban flux observations are limited, particularly in arid climates, given the wide variety of land cover present in cities. To help address this need, a mobile eddy covariance tower was deployed at three locations in Phoenix, Arizona, to sample the surface energy balance at a parking lot, a xeric landscaping (irrigated trees with gravel) and a mesic landscaping (irrigated turf grass). These deployments were compared to a stationary eddy covariance tower in a suburban neighborhood. A comparison of the observations revealed key differences between the mobile and reference sites tied to the urban land cover within the measurement footprints. For instance, the net radiation varied substantially among the sites in manners consistent with albedo and shallow soil temperature differences. The partitioning of available energy between sensible and latent heat fluxes was modulated strongly by the presence of outdoor water use, with the irrigated turf grass exhibiting the highest evaporative fraction. At this site, we identified a lack of sensitivity of turbulent flux partitioning to precipitation events, which suggests that frequent outdoor water use removes water limitations in an arid climate, thus leading to mesic conditions. Other urban land covers with less irrigation, however, exhibited sensitivity to the occurrence of precipitation, as expected for an arid climate. As a result, quantifying the frequency and magnitude of outdoor water use is critical for understanding evapotranspiration losses in arid urban areas.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

et al. 2018

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“…In contrast, the smaller city of Agua Prieta did not show differences with its nearby rural sites. These comparisons suggest that major cities in Sonora are experiencing larger air temperature growth trends, likely due to the effect of urbanization on the surface energy balance (Chow et al ., ; Santillán‐Soto et al ., ). However, the effect of urbanization cannot be tested because of the lack of climate stations located in different places inside each city.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observed trends and future projections of extreme heat events in Sonora, Mexico

Navarro‐Estupiñan

Robles-Morúa

Vivoni

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global temperatures have risen at an alarming pace since the early 20th century and this warming has been more pronounced since the 1970s. Temperature variations are significant because of their relation with thermal comfort and public health. In this study, we characterize the impacts of increasing maximum air temperatures in Sonora, Mexico. Heat days (HDs) and heat waves (HWs) were used as indicators to investigate historical trends in extreme heat. Furthermore, HDs were represented using a generalized linear regression model during the observed period (1966–2015) to generate future scenarios related to extreme heat and subsequently compared with six downscaled general circulation models (CNRM‐CM5, CSIRO Mk3.6.0, HadGEM2‐CC, HadGEM2‐ES, IPSL‐CM5A‐LR and IPSL‐CM5A‐MR) under low and high radiative scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results of this work indicate that climate stations in Sonora have exhibited increases in the number of HDs and HWs in the historical record that can be associated to physical factors such as elevation, urban land cover and the percent of annual rainfall during the summer. Statistical and model‐based projections indicate that these trends will continue in the future up to 2060, with less moderate increases and high uncertainty noted for the difference scenarios of the downscaled models. These observed and projected trends in extreme heat are important for identifying adaptation strategies in the public and environmental health sectors in Sonora.

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“…Likewise, the study area has presented climatic changes related to soil cover [25,26]. Several analyses registered similar behaviors [27][28][29], where the energy depends on the ground cover. Impermeable surfaces such as asphalt mainly store the incident radiation and reflect less radiation, producing increases or decreases in surface temperature and causing phenomena such as urban heat islands.…”

Section: Net Radiation Changes Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Net Radiation in San Luis Potosí City—México, with Remote Sensing Processes

Abraham¹,

Gerardo²,

Oscar³

et al. 2023

Climate Change - Recent Observations [Working Title]

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Net radiation is essential in analyzing the earth’s energy balance since it regulates the soil’s temperature, humidity, and thermal processes. Then, energy regulates an urban area’s climate and heat distribution. Therefore, problems such as heat islands arise if these areas have more impervious surfaces than vegetation cover. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the net radiation in the city of San Luis Potosí from a multi-temporal analysis applying remote sensing. Satellite images from the Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI/TIRS sensors were used. Through remote sensing processes, the imagery has been calibrated to obtain the net flux extracting the incident and outgoing radiation. Our results show that net radiation levels decrease in the dry season and increase in the rainy season. It was also observed that the incident radiation predominates over the outgoing radiation on the city’s impervious surfaces, causing temperature increase. This study is helpful in decision-making related to the city’s planning.

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Radiation Balance of Urban Materials and Their Thermal Impact in Semi-Desert Region: Mexicali, México Study Case

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

Quantifying Water and Energy Fluxes Over Different Urban Land Covers in Phoenix, Arizona

Observed trends and future projections of extreme heat events in Sonora, Mexico

Evaluation of Net Radiation in San Luis Potosí City—México, with Remote Sensing Processes

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