Radiation-Chemical Perspective of the Radiobiology of Pulsed (High Dose-Rate) Radiation (FLASH): A Postscript

Wardman, Peter

doi:10.1667/rade-23-00212.1

Radiation Research

2023

DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00212.1

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Radiation-Chemical Perspective of the Radiobiology of Pulsed (High Dose-Rate) Radiation (FLASH): A Postscript

Peter Wardman

Abstract: An earlier commentary (Wardman P, Radiat Res. 2020; 194:607-617) discussed possible chemical reaction pathways that might be involved in the differential responses of tissues to high- vs. low-dose-rate irradiation, focusing on reactions between radicals, and radiolytic depletion of a chemical influencing radiosensitivity. This brief postscript updates discussion to consider recent modeling and experimental studies, and presents more detail to support the earlier suggestion that rapid depletion of nitric oxide … Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Dose Rate Effects from the 1950s through to the Era of FLASH

Held,

McNamara,

Daartz

et al. 2024

Radiation Research

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Numerous dose rate effects have been described over the past 6–7 decades in the radiation biology and radiation oncology literature depending on the dose rate range being discussed. This review focuses on the impact and understanding of altering dose rates in the context of radiation therapy, but does not discuss dose rate effects as relevant to radiation protection. The review starts with a short historic review of early studies on dose rate effects, considers mechanisms thought to underlie dose rate dependencies, then discusses some current issues in clinical findings with altered dose rates, the importance of dose rate in brachytherapy, and the current timely topic of the use of very high dose rates, so-called FLASH radiotherapy. The discussion includes dose rate effects in vitro in cultured cells, in in vivo experimental systems and in the clinic, including both tumors and normal tissues. Gaps in understanding dose rate effects are identified, as are opportunities for improving clinical use of dose rate modulation.

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Dose Rate Effects from the 1950s through to the Era of FLASH

Held,

McNamara,

Daartz

et al. 2024

Radiation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Radiation Chemistry and Radiation Research: A History from the Beginning to the Platinum Edition

Zimbrick

2024

Radiation Research

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At the dawn of the 20th Century, the underlying chemistry that produced the observed effects of ionizing radiation, e.g., X rays and Radium salts, on aqueous solutions was either unknown or restricted to products found postirradiation. For example, the Curies noted that sealed aqueous solutions of Radium inexplicably decomposed over time, even when kept in the dark. By 1928 there were numerous papers describing the phenomenological effects of ionizing radiation on a wide variety of materials, including the irradiated hands of early radiologists. One scientist who became intensely interested in these radiation effects was Hugo Fricke (Fricke Dosimetry) who established a laboratory in 1928 dedicated to studies on chemical effects of radiation, the results of which he believed were necessary to understand observed radiobiological effects. In this Platinum Issue of Radiation Research (70 years of continuous publication), we present the early history of the development of radiation chemistry and its contributions to all levels of mechanistic radiobiology. We summarize its development as one of the four disciplinary pillars of the Radiation Research Society and its Journal, Radiation Research, founded during the period 1952–1954. In addition, the work of scientists who contributed substantially to the discipline of Radiation Chemistry and to the birth, life and culture of the Society and its journal is presented. In the years following 1954, the increasing knowledge about the underlying temporal and spatial properties of the species produced by various types of radiation is summarized and related to its radiobiology and to modern technologies (e.g., pulsed radiolysis, electron paramagnetic resonance) which became available as the discipline of radiation chemistry developed. A summary of important results from these studies on Radiation Chemistry/Biochemistry in the 20th and 21st Century up to the present time is presented. Finally, we look into the future to see what possible directions radiation chemistry studies might take, based upon promising current research. We find at least two possible directions that will need radiation chemistry expertise to ensure proper experimental design and interpretation of data. These are FLASH radiotherapy, and mechanisms underlying the effects of low doses of radiation delivered at low dose rates. Examples of how radiation chemists could provide beneficial input to these studies are provided.

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Radiation-Chemical Perspective of the Radiobiology of Pulsed (High Dose-Rate) Radiation (FLASH): A Postscript

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

Dose Rate Effects from the 1950s through to the Era of FLASH

Dose Rate Effects from the 1950s through to the Era of FLASH

Radiation Chemistry and Radiation Research: A History from the Beginning to the Platinum Edition

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