Radiation crosslinked thermoplastics natural rubber (TPNR) foams

Ghazali, Zulkafli; Johnson, A.F.; Dahlan, Khairul Zaman Mohd

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(98)00296-5

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The only clear trend obtained was that the increment of the ID yielded a reduction of the expansion ratio regardless of the foaming temperature. As far as the authors' knowledge, the only work related to the production of NR foams is the one conducted by Ghazali et al in which blends of NR/EVA were foamed by a chemical foaming process with different blowing agent contents (Ghazali et al, 1999). These blends were irradiated before foaming with a broader range of IDs than in the previously mentioned works .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Salmazo

Lopez‐Gil

Ariff

et al. 2016

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tThis work focused on the production of natural rubber foams by cross-linking the polymer matrix using high energy electron beam at different irradiation doses (from 50 to 150 kGy) and foaming it with a chemical blowing agent. The aim was to study how the irradiation dose influenced the cellular structure morphology of the produced foams. This was accomplished by quantifying the evolution of cellular structure parameters, such as cell size and cell density, with respect to foaming time and irradiation dose. The results showed that the foams irradiated at the lowest dose are more prone to suffer cellular structure degeneration, resulting in the formation of bimodal cellular structures, while foams irradiated with the highest dose, exhibited more uniform cellular structure. In the latter case, the nucleation density clearly increased resulting in the formation of foams with homogeneous cellular structures and smaller cell sizes (≈20 m).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Salmazo

Lopez‐Gil

Ariff

et al. 2016

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…In closed-cell foam, the gas is dispersed as discrete gas bubbles and the polymer matrix forms a continuous phase. 2,3 During the foaming process, silicone rubbers are usually crosslinked by conventional chemical methods and expanded through the decomposition of chemical blowing agent. [4][5][6][7][8][9] The crosslinking and foaming progress simultaneously in this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 Owing to these advantages, irradiation vulcanization has recently received a great deal of attentions. 3,[10][11][12][13][14] Silicone rubber could be crosslinked effectively by electron beam irradiation or gamma ray irradiation. [15][16][17][18] In this work, we aim to produce silicone rubber foam through vulcanizing with electron beam irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

Liu

Zou

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silicone rubber foam was prepared through crosslinking with electron beam irradiation and foaming by the decomposing of blowing agent azobisformamide (AC) in hot air. The crosslinking and foaming of silicone rubber was carried out separately, which was different from the conventional method of chemical crosslinking and foaming. After foaming, the silicone rubber foam was irradiated again to stabilize the foam structure and further improve its mechanical properties. The effects of irradiation dose before and after foaming, and the amount of blowing agents on the structure and properties of silicone rubber foam were studied. The experimental results show that with the increase of AC content, the average cell diameter of silicone rubber foam increases a little, the foam density decreases to a minimum value when AC content is 10 phr. With the increase of irradiation dose before foaming from 10 to 17.5 kGy, the cell nucleation density of silicone rubber foam increases, the average cell diameter decreases, and the foam density increases. With the increase of irradiation before foaming, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and the elongation at break of the silicone rubber foam increase. Through irradiation crosslinking again after foaming, the foam density is decreased and the mechanical properties of silicone foam are further improved.

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“…These materials are known as thermoplastic natural rubbers (TPNRs). Thermoplastics blended with NR include polypropylene, 2-10 low-density polyethylene, 11,12 high-density polyethylene, 11,13,14, ultralow-density polyethylene, 15 linear low-density polyethylene, 16 chlorinated polyethylene, 17,18 polystyrene 19,20 polyamide 6, 21 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) 22 and poly(methyl methacrylate). 23,24 Apart from raw NR, modified forms of NR have also been used to prepare TPNRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on epoxidized natural rubber/polypropylene blends: Effect of compatibilizers and reactive blending

Nakason

Wannavilai

Kaesaman

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared using the performic epoxidation method. TPVs based on ENR/PP blends were later prepared by melt-mixing processes via dynamic vulcanization. The effects of blend ratios of ENR/PP, types of compatibilizers, and reactive blending were investigated. Phenolic modified polypropylene (Ph-PP) and graft copolymer of maleic anhydride on polypropylene molecules (PP-g-MA) were prepared and used as blend compatibilizers and reactive blending components of ENR/Ph-PP and ENR/PP-g-MA blends. It was found that the mixing torque, apparent shear stress and apparent shear viscosity increased with increasing levels of ENR. This is attributed to the higher viscosity of the pure ENR than that of the pure PP. Furthermore, there was a higher compatibilizing effect because of the chemical interaction between the polar groups in ENR and PP-g-MA or Ph-PP. Mixing torque, shear flow properties (i.e., shear stress and shear viscosity) and mechanical properties (i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness) of the TPVs prepared by reactive blending of ENR/Ph-PP and ENR/PP-g-MA were lower than that of the samples without a compatibilizer. However, the TPVs prepared using Ph-PP and PP-g-MA as compatibilizers exhibited higher values. We observed that the TPVs prepared from ENR/PP with Ph-PP as a compatibilizer gave the highest rheological and mechanical properties, while the reactive blending of ENR/PP exhibited the lowest values. Trend of the properties corresponds to the morphology of the TPVs. That is, the TPV with Ph-PP as a blend compatibilizer showed the smallest rubber particles dispersed in the PP matrix, while the reactive blending of ENR/PP-g-MA showed the largest particles.

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Radiation crosslinked thermoplastics natural rubber (TPNR) foams

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Influence of the irradiation dose in the cellular structure of natural rubber foams cross-linked by electron beam irradiation

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

Thermoplastic vulcanizates based on epoxidized natural rubber/polypropylene blends: Effect of compatibilizers and reactive blending

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