Radiation Doses in the Surroundings of Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Studies

Gomez-Palacios, M; Terrón, J.A.; Domínguez, Pilar; Vera, David R.; Osuna, R F

doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000165873.12868.59

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At first, it is calculated by measurements obtained at a fixed distance from the patient and some authors also take into consideration the time spent with the patient at a constant distance to calculate the amount of expected radiation exposure to technicians (4,5). In the other method the calculation is based on the direct reading of data obtained from the electronic pocket dosimeter of radiation workers (6,7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation dose or dose rates per application and in total to staff within a time period such as daily, monthly or annually can be determined by two different methods ( 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). At first, it is calculated by measurements obtained at a fixed distance from the patient and some authors also take into consideration the time spent with the patient at a constant distance to calculate the amount of expected radiation exposure to technicians ( 4 , 5 ). In the other method the calculation is based on the direct reading of data obtained from the electronic pocket dosimeter of radiation workers ( 6 , 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of Bladder Radioactivity for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine

Gültekin¹,

Şahmaran²

2013

Mirt

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Objective: Most of the radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine are excreted via the urinary system. This study evaluated the importance of a reduction in bladder radioactivity for radiation safety.Methods: The study group of 135 patients underwent several organ scintigraphies [40/135; thyroid scintigraphy (TS), 30/135; whole body bone scintigraphy (WBS), 35/135; myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) and 30/135; renal scintigraphy (RS)] by a technologist within 1 month. In full and empty conditions, static bladder images and external dose rate measurements at 0.25, 0.50, 1, 1.5 and 2 m distances were obtained and decline ratios were calculated from these two data sets.Results: External radiation dose rates were highest in patients undergoing MPS. External dose rates at 0.25 m distance for TS, TKS, MPS and BS were measured to be 56, 106, 191 and 72 μSv h-1 for full bladder and 29, 55, 103 and 37 μSv h-1 for empty bladder, respectively. For TS, WBS, MPS and RS, respectively, average decline ratios were calculated to be 52%, 55%, 53% and 54% in the scintigraphic assessment and 49%, 51%, 49%, 50% and 50% in the assessment with Geiger counter.Conclusion: Decline in bladder radioactivity is important in terms of radiation safety. Patients should be encouraged for micturition after each scintigraphic test. Spending time together with radioactive patients at distances less than 1 m should be kept to a minimum where possible.Conflict of interest:None declared.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Bladder Radioactivity for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine

Gültekin¹,

Şahmaran²

2013

Mirt

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“…80 It should be noted that nuclear imaging has similar radiation exposure doses for cardiac studies (8 to 12 mSv). 81 Specifically, technetium studies are on the lower end of this spectrum (6 to 8 mSev on average), and thallium studies have been reported as high as 27 mSv. 82 With the retrospective ECG-gating mode, scan data are acquired and available for the entire phase of the cardiac cycle.…”

Section: Radiation Exposure During Ct Angiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 One drawback of MDCT as compared with EBCT is the higher radiation exposure to the patient (Table 4). 10,11,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] The x-ray photon flux expressed by the product of x-ray tube current and exposure time (mAs) is generally higher with MDCT. For example, 200 mA with 0.5-second exposure time yields 100 mAs in MDCT versus 614 mA (fixed tube current) with 0.1-second exposure time yields 61.4 mAs in EBCT.…”

Section: Radiation Dose For Cardiac Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography

Budoff¹,

Achenbach²,

Blumenthal³

et al. 2006

Circulation

1,246

382

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“…Potential increases in both medical and occupational radiation exposure have become a more urgent and persistent issue with the increasing dissemination of PET imaging, which uses higher-photon-yield radiopharmaceuticals such as 18 F-FDG (1-3). Task-based analyses often point to the handling and administration of radioactive materials as a key contributor to increased dose to staff (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Radiation Dosimetry Assessment Using an Automated Infusion Device for Positron-Emitting Radiotracers

Schleipman

Gerbaudo

2012

Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology

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Handling and administration of radiopharmaceuticals are a key contributor to staff radiation dose. Shielded automated infusion devices potentially standardize and reduce radiation exposure during procedures. However, loading the devices adds incremental radiation exposure, which may mitigate dose savings. We measured radiation doses from the loading and use of an automated infusion device and compared these with those from manual injection of 18 F radiotracers. Methods: Adult patients were administered 18 F-FDG or 18 F-FLT before 3-dimensional PET whole-body or brain imaging, respectively. Radioactivity amounts from manual injections performed with protective syringe shields and vial holders were measured by a standard dose calibrator before and after injection. Automated infusions were performed using the shielded infusion device. Staff wore electronic dosimeters at the wrist and trunk. Electronic dosimeters were also worn while multidose 18 F-FDG vials were loaded and unloaded. For each task, background radiation was determined and subtracted from the electronic dosimeter values. Results: Twenty-seven manually injected unit doses yielded a mean administered dose to patients of 480.7 6 66.2 MBq (12.99 6 1.79 mCi), compared with 431.9 6 22.7 MBq (11.67 6 0.61 mCi) in 34 automated injections. The mean difference was statistically significant. To control for this difference, results were expressed as a standardized dose per unit of activity. With the automated infusion device, the mean extremity dose per injection was 0.003 6 0.002 mSv/MBq, compared with 0.026 6 0.017 mSv/MBq with manual injections. Mean body dose per procedure with automated infusion was 0.001 mSv/MBq, versus 0.011 mSv/MBq with manual injection (P , 0.001). The changing of bulk 18 F-FDG vials in 37 procedures added a mean dose per vial change of 0.89 6 1.3 mSv to the extremities and 0.47 6 2.0 mSv to the body. Conclusion: The use of a shielded automatic infusion device in a clinical PET setting resulted in an approximately 10-fold decrease in staff extremity and body doses during the administration of 18 F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Loading and unloading bulk vials of radiotracer did not significantly offset these dose savings. Reduci ng radiation exposure to patients, nuclear medicine staff, and others is a common goal of professionals in radiation protection and nuclear medicine. Potential increases in both medical and occupational radiation exposure have become a more urgent and persistent issue with the increasing dissemination of PET imaging, which uses higher-photon-yield radiopharmaceuticals such as 18 F-FDG (1-3). Task-based analyses often point to the handling and administration of radioactive materials as a key contributor to increased dose to staff (4-7).Shielded automated infusion devices have recently been introduced, allowing for subsequent reductions in radiation exposure to staff during patient dosing procedures (8-10). These dose reductions are possible for several reasons. The first is the increased distance of operators from...

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Radiation Doses in the Surroundings of Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Diagnostic Studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Importance of Bladder Radioactivity for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine

Importance of Bladder Radioactivity for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine

Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography

Occupational Radiation Dosimetry Assessment Using an Automated Infusion Device for Positron-Emitting Radiotracers

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