Radiation effect on cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence emission of Ca‐rich oxalates from the human body

Abstract

The radiation effect of luminescence emission of Ca‐rich oxalate biogenic materials (gallbladder and renal calculi) and a commercial standard sample (CaC2O4·H2O) is reported. The samples were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, display complex cathodoluminescence (CL) and thermoluminescence (TL) glow emissions. CL spectra (in the UV−infrared range) displayed non‐well defined peaks, and exhibited emission at: (i) higher energies (300–490 nm) mainly associated with non‐bridging oxygen hole centers, oxygen‐deficient centers and peroxy intrinsic defects, regardless of the sample; and (ii) higher, narrow and sharp wavebands, in the red region, probably induced by the presence of traces of Sm3+ (4G5/2→6H9/2 transition) and/or Tb3+ (5D4→7F3 transition) only for mineral‐like materials in the human body. The UV‐blue TL emission showed low‐intensity maxima in which it was possible to distinguish at least four groups of components in each sample.

Kidney Stones: Crystal Characterization

“…(CL) analyses are presented in Figure 1c,d, both agreeing with those obtained by Kuzmanovski et al [32] in similar materials and by Correcher et al [33].…”

“…The crystals, as mentioned before, grow in successive stages with overlapping phases, which suggests a homogeneous nucleation, which triggers the crystallization of the kidney stone due to a supersaturation in the calcium oxalate medium, which will remain in suspension (without crystallization) when other substances appear in the system with a size smaller than the critical size or due to competition in growth because there is not enough space for their development. The Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) analyses are presented in Figure 1c,d, both agreeing with those obtained by Kuzmanovski et al [32] in similar materials and by Correcher et al [33].…”

Environmental Conditions as Determinants of Kidney Stone Formation

“…12 Raman spectroscopy has also been applied, which allows the identification of organic and inorganic compounds, 21−23 cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence. 24 Biochemical methods have been the primary analytical techniques used to characterize the chemical composition of kidney stones. 25,26 The main phases found in kidney stones are monohydrated and dihydrated oxalates, whewellite (CaC .…”

“…Thus, various chemical elements have been identified, with some belonging to phosphate class minerals and others falling into the organic class, such as oxalates, very frequently encountered in kidney stones . Raman spectroscopy has also been applied, which allows the identification of organic and inorganic compounds, − cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence . Biochemical methods have been the primary analytical techniques used to characterize the chemical composition of kidney stones. , …”