Radiation effects on polymers—XI. Radiation grafting of acrylamide on to cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes

Ghanem, N.A.; El-Awady, N. I.; Singer, K.; Aly, M. I.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(79)90140-x

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The nonlinear dependence of grafting level on radiation dose is an inherent characteristic of radiochemical yields in polymers, including natural ones such as grafting of acrylamide onto pre-irradiated cellulose acetate, 18 MMA onto pre-irradiated jute fiber 11 etc. The characteristic of graft yield with radiation dose has also been found to depend on the chemical structure of the parent polymer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ‐Radiation–induced emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber

2002

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Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto jute substrate was carried out using gamma radiation ( 60 Co) both by the preirradiation and "simultaneous irradiation and grafting" methods in an aqueous emulsion system. The variation of graft weight with radiation dose, intensity of radiation, and irradiation environment was investigated. In the case of the preirradiation method, irradiation in air produced up to 30% graft weight compared to only 20% obtained when the irradiation was conducted in nitrogen environment. In this method the graft copolymerization reaction was initiated by reactive species having different life times, some of which were very long. In simultaneous irradiation and grafting method, the graft weight passes through a maximum value (∼15%) with radiation dose and graft weight limited due to excessive homopolymerization. A comparative study on the mechanical properties of samples grafted by both preirradiation and simultaneous irradiation and grafting methods was carried out. The results showed that the method of grafting has significant influence on the mechanical properties of grafted jute.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ‐Radiation–induced emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber

2002

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“…In addition to level under appropriate conditions of temperature, reaction time, and radiation doses. 11 Howthese, the structure contains other minor constituents such as wax and fats, inorganic salts, and ever, the level of grafting using this technique is often limited by homopolymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preirradiation technique has so far been carried out with monomers in different solvents, 11,14,18 such as methanol, ethylene glycol, and others. It was reported 14 that the increase of solvent (methanol) concentration (40-90%) has a positive influence in the grafting of MMA onto jute fiber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft copolymerization reaction of water-emulsified methyl methacrylate with preirradiated jute fiber

Khan

Ahmad

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with water-emulsified solution onto preirradiated jute fiber was studied. The jute samples were irradiated in the presence of air using a 60 Co source of gamma-radiation. A nonionic surfactant, commercially known as ''Scintron (Triton X-114),'' was used as an emulsifier. Homopolymerization was reduced by using 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt. The graft copolymerization was found to be dependent on the emulsifier concentration, radiation dose, temperature, monomer concentration, and reaction time. Maximum grafting level was achieved at temperatures in the range of 70-80ЊC, and the optimal reaction time for maximum grafting level was found to be between 3 and 5 h, depending on the radiation doses.

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“…It is well known [23,24] that the short-chain graft copolymers possess better characteristic properties than those of the long-chain graft copolymers. Therefore, an attempt has been made to prepare graft copolymer with shorter poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains on lignocellulose fiber.…”

Section: Influence Of Mpsa As a Homopolymer-inhibiting Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting onto Preirradiated Biodegradable Lignocellulose Fiber by γ‐Radiation

Khan

2005

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Gamma-radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto natural lignocellulose (jute) fiber was carried out by the preirradiation method in an aqueous medium by using octylphenoxy-polyethoxyethanol as an emulsifier. The different factors that influenced the graft copolymer reaction process were investigated. In the case of radiation-dose-dependent grafting, samples irradiated in the presence of air produced up to 73% graft weight compared to 53% obtained in the case of irradiation in a nitrogen environment. By assuming Arrhenius reaction kinetics, the activation energy (E(a)) of the grafting reaction process was evaluated for different reaction temperatures. Moreover, the graft copolymer reaction was controlled by incorporating a homopolymer-inhibiting agent and three different chain-transfer agents in the reaction medium. The mechanical and thermal properties of jute fiber 'as received' and jute-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) were also investigated. The results showed that the percentage of grafting with jute fiber has a significant effect on the properties. The kinetic parameters were evaluated from TGA thermograms by using Broido's method in the temperature range 240-350 degrees C. Scanning electron micrographs show that the structural changes on the surface of jute fibers were induced by graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate monomer. Fiber-fiber surface friction was measured in terms of the average maximum load and the kinetic friction. SEM of jute-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate).

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Radiation effects on polymers—XI. Radiation grafting of acrylamide on to cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

γ‐Radiation–induced emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber

γ‐Radiation–induced emulsion graft copolymerization of MMA onto jute fiber

Graft copolymerization reaction of water-emulsified methyl methacrylate with preirradiated jute fiber

Characterization of Methyl Methacrylate Grafting onto Preirradiated Biodegradable Lignocellulose Fiber by γ‐Radiation

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