Radiation Feedback Accelerates the Formation of Typhoon Haiyan (2013): The Critical Role of Mid‐Level Circulation

Abstract

Tropical cyclones (TC) are among the most destructive geophysical phenomena on earth. It is well accepted that the wind-induced surface heat exchange feedback is the most responsible mechanism for the intensification and maintenance of TCs (e.g., Emanuel, 1989Emanuel, , 1995. However, the controlling mechanisms of TC genesis are still unsettled.The critical role of radiation feedback on TC genesis has been becoming more and more appreciated in recent years (e.g.,

Simulation of Rapid Intensification of Super Typhoon Lekima (2019). Part II: The Critical Role of Cloud-Radiation Interaction of Asymmetric Convection

“…Different from the pathway of CRF which accelerates the TC development by accelerating the mid-level vortex (Ruppert et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2021), this study confirms the outflow blocking effect against the VWS. Physically, the CRF impact is closely associated with the distribution of cloud.…”

“…Previous studies suggested that TC intensification is strongly related to their upper-level clouds and stratiform precipitation (Tao et al, 2017;Fischer et al, 2018;Zhang and Xu, 2021). Recent theoretical and modeling studies have suggested that the crucial role of cloud-radiation feedback (CRF) in TC genesis and development (Bu et al, 2014;Fovell et al, 2016;Wing et al, 2016;Ruppert et al, 2020;Smith et al, 2020;Yang and Tan, 2020;Yang et al, 2021). Ruppert et al (2020) suggested that the intensification of the secondary circulation forced by the radiative warming anomaly might transport more moisture and low-level angular momentum into the disturbance region, which directly promotes TC development.…”

Cloud‐Radiation Feedback Prevents Tropical Cyclones From Reaching Higher Intensities

“…Meanwhile, this ascent is also significant at the upper levels of the eyewall and drastically increases outward. This ascent structure results in the release of more latent heat on the outer side of the upper eyewall (Yang & Tan, 2020; Yang et al., 2021, Figure 4a), gradually tilting the eyewall heating in CNTL. Other conditions being equal, a tilted eyewall favors a relatively larger RMW (Figures 4c and 4e, Wang, 2008), ultimately reducing the inner‐core vorticity and inward vorticity flux.…”

“…However, these methods will introduce a significant bias that may shift the background state. In this study, CRF is removed in the ARADI (average radiation) experiment by horizontally averaging radiative heating at every time step (Muller & Romps, 2018; Wing, 2022; Yang & Tan, 2020; Yang et al., 2021). The ARADI run restarts at hour 28 in CNTL, when the maximum tangential‐mean velocity at the 600 m height reaches $$20\,\mathrm{m}\,{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$$.…”

“…This feedback is usually referred to as cloud‐radiation feedback (CRF). Recent studies show that CRF could import more water vapor into the TC region and strengthen convective activity, ultimately accelerating TC genesis (e.g., Muller & Romps, 2018; Nicholls, 2015; Ruppert et al., 2020; Smith et al., 2020; Wing et al., 2016; Yang & Tan, 2020; Yang et al., 2021).…”