Radiation from Visual Display Unit

Usikalu, M.R.; Babarimisa, I. O.; Akinwumi, S. A.; Akinyemi, M. L.; Adagunodo, T. A.; Ayara, Williams A.

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/173/1/012039

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…displayed in Figure 4. Generally from from the measurement of different parts of a computer, it was observed that ELF decreased with distance which in consonance with the reports of (Akinyemi et al, 2011 andUsikalu et al, 2018). This revealed that the ELF radiation measured can be summarized as: back < screen < fan < keyboard < mouse pad.…”

Section: Figure 2: Variation Of Mouse Pads Elfs Of Different Laptopsupporting

confidence: 88%

Radiation from Different Parts of Laptops

al.¹

2018

IJMPERD

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Radiation from laptop cannot be seen by the naked eyes, but it can pose real dangers to our health. If only we are a few feet away to our laptops, otherwise when laptops are placed and used directly on our laps, it exposes us to quite more intense radiation that are harmful. It has been said that the amount of radiation emitted by desktop computers is generally higher than that which is emitted from laptop or notebook computers. And the use of small-sized components, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) or Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are some of the main reasons why that is so. It was found that the keyboard of the laptop emitted highest value of ELF radiation while the back of the laptop had the lowest ELF radiation. The highest ELF at 0 cm for different parts measured are 5 mG, 5 mG, 3.5 mG and 0.7 mG for laptop keyboard, mouse pad, fan and screen respectively. There is no ELF measured at the back of the laptops except in AMP with ELF of 0.1 mG at 0 cm. It was observed and discovered that mini laptops emitted low ELF radiation than laptops of size ranging from 14 inches -17 inches. Therefore, this study suggested that less often the laptops are placed on the laps the more the health and safety of the users are guaranteed. Furthermore, these laptops are battery operated and this plays a major role in reducing the rate of radiation emitted from these portable devices. But internal parts of laptop heat up and radiate. There is a generation of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) by laptop from storage and computing processing. Placing the laptop on the lap makes it to be very close to the genitals, skin and muscles. Prolonged exposure to this radiation may produce biological effects on human health. This work used Cell Sensor manufactured by Action Electronic, USA to detect ELF from fourteen (14) laptops and mini laptops.

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Section: Figure 2: Variation Of Mouse Pads Elfs Of Different Laptopsupporting

confidence: 88%

Radiation from Different Parts of Laptops

al.¹

2018

IJMPERD

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“…They have been facing complications of mental health, such as stress, depression and anxiety, during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 75 ]. On a different note, the deterioration of physical health is also caused by the prolonged use of electronic devices, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, that expose students to further radiation released from the screen [ 76 , 77 ], especially during the afternoon virtual learning session [ 78 ]. In addition to the prolonged use of electronic devices, other physical health problems occurred, such as major vision problems including eye strain, red eye, dried eyes [ 76 ], itchiness in vision, bleary eyes and seeing double, and other related risks such as headaches [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Learning during COVID-19: Exploring Challenges and Identifying Highly Vulnerable Groups Based on Location

Jafar

Dollah

Dambul

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Amid the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2020, educational platforms have been forced to change and adapt from conventional physical learning to virtual learning. Nearly all higher learning institutions worldwide are forced to follow the new educational setting through virtual platforms. Sabah is one of the poorest states in Malaysia with the poorest infrastructure, with the technology and communication facilities in the state remaining inept. With the changes in virtual platforms in all higher education institutions in Malaysia, higher learning institutions in Sabah are expected to follow the lead, despite the state lagging in its development. This has certainly impacted the overall productivity and performance of students in Sabah. Therefore, this study aims to explore the challenges of the implementation of virtual learning among students in Sabah. More specifically, this study seeks to identify vulnerable groups among students based on their geographical location. To achieve the objective of this study, a survey has been conducted on a total of 1,371 students in both private and public higher learning institutions in Sabah. The sample selection for this study was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was found that there are five challenges in virtual learning faced by students in higher learning institutions in Sabah. These are the unconducive learning environment (var(X) = 20.12%), the deterioration of physical health (var(X) = 13.40%), the decline of mental health (var(X) = 12.10%), the limited educational facilities (var(X) = 10.14%) and social isolation (var(X) = 7.47%). The K-Means Clustering analysis found that there are six student clusters in Sabah (Cluster A, B, C, D, E & F), each of which faces different challenges in participating in virtual learning. Based on the assessment of location, almost half of the total number of districts in Sabah are dominated by students from Cluster A (9 districts) and Cluster B (4 districts). More worryingly, both Cluster A and Cluster B are classified as highly vulnerable groups in relation to the implementation of virtual learning. The results of this study can be used by the local authorities and policymakers in Malaysia to improve the implementation of virtual learning in Sabah so that the education system can be more effective and systematic. Additionally, the improvement and empowerment of the learning environment are crucial to ensuring education is accessible and inclusive for all societies, in line with the fourth of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-4).

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Radiation from Visual Display Unit

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Radiation from Different Parts of Laptops

Radiation from Different Parts of Laptops

Virtual Learning during COVID-19: Exploring Challenges and Identifying Highly Vulnerable Groups Based on Location

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