Radiation generates an abscopal response and complete resolution of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a case report

Joe, Moss Bruton; Lum, Julian J.; Watson, Peter H.; Tonseth, R. Petter; McGhie, John Paul; Truong, Pauline T.

doi:10.21037/jgo.2017.06.15

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…More specifically, abscopal responses were observed in the lymph nodes downstream of the treated site in both patients. Joe et al [61] reported the first case of the abscopal effect of radiation therapy in squamous carcinoma of the anus with metastases to pelvic lymph nodes, liver, and bone. In this case, the patient had an abscopal response after treatment with palliative radiation therapy to the pelvis.…”

Section: Abscopal Effects In Other Solid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic immunostimulatory effects of radiation therapy producing overall tumor control through the abscopal effect

D’Andrea¹,

Reddy²

2019

J Radiat Oncol

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Objective Emerging studies show that radiation therapy produces an important out of field (distant) effect known as the ''abscopal effect^in nonirradiated tumor sites. The objective of this study was to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and clinical experience of radiation therapy producing abscopal effects in the management of different types of malignant diseases. Methods Peer-reviewed published clinical evidence on the abscopal effect of radiation therapy was collected using electronic databases such as Medline via PubMed and Google Scholar. The reference lists were searched in the publications that we obtained in an attempt to find additional relevant publications. Non-indexed peer-reviewed journals were manually searched and relevant information was extracted. The search was restricted to English language articles. The clinical data on the abscopal effect of radiation therapy were reviewed and the outcomes have been summarized. Results Currently, only clinical case reports and anecdotes have slowly converted into solid clinical data and interest is building in the field of radiation therapy, specifically on how local radiation can produce the abscopal effects for the management of different types of malignant tumors. Extensive clinical evidence suggests that the radiation therapy induced abscopal antitumor effects are mediated by immune cells such as the T-lymphocytes. This forms a basis for using radiation therapy in combination with immunotherapy to augment the abscopal response rates in cancer patients. Current evidence demonstrates that radiation therapy induces abscopal responses across many tumor types. Conclusion Together, the clinical outcomes from published reports suggest that localized radiation therapy is capable of inducing abscopal effects in a wide variety of malignant tumors. With the advent of novel immunotherapies, the potential for immune activation by radiation defines a novel role for radiation therapy in the treatment of systemic disease. A clinical consideration of the abscopal effects produced by radiation therapy could lead to a revolutionary change in the current management of patients including radiation treatment strategies and immunotherapies for various malignant tumors.

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Section: Abscopal Effects In Other Solid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemic immunostimulatory effects of radiation therapy producing overall tumor control through the abscopal effect

D’Andrea¹,

Reddy²

2019

J Radiat Oncol

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“…Elevated SCC Ag represents RT-resistant tumors whereas a reduction in its levels predicts a positive tumor response [215]. In the case of AbE, the SCC Ag levels also decrease due to irradiation and the following systemic response [31].…”

Section: Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemical staining for CD163, CD3, CD4, and CD8 showed heterogeneity of cell distribution. Some tumor regions were densely infiltrated with lymphocytes, including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, suggesting a profuse immune response [31].…”

Section: Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes?

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Crigna

Hölzel

et al. 2021

JCM

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Patients with metastatic cancers often require radiotherapy (RT) as a palliative therapy for cancer pain. RT can, however, also induce systemic antitumor effects outside of the irradiated field (abscopal effects) in various cancer entities. The occurrence of the abscopal effect is associated with a specific immunological activation in response to RT-induced cell death, which is mainly seen under concomitant immune checkpoint blockade. Even if the number of reported apscopal effects has increased since the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition, its occurrence is still considered rare and unpredictable. The cases reported so far may nevertheless allow for identifying first biomarkers and clinical patterns. We here review biomarkers that may be helpful to predict the occurrence of abscopal effects and hence to optimize therapy for patients with metastatic cancers.

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“…Joe et al reported the case of the abscopal effect in squamous carcinoma of the anal canal, with metastases to the pelvic LN, liver, and bone [79]. After palliative RT to the pelvis with sensitizing chemotherapy but without immunotherapy, complete response was observed not only in the primary tumor but also in the bone and multiple liver metastases at 4 months after treatment.…”

Section: Biomarkers In Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunostimulatory Effects of Radiotherapy for Local and Systemic Control of Melanoma: A Review

Takahashi

Nagasawa

2020

IJMS

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Recently, modern therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, and oncolytic virus have been developed. Because of the limited treatment effect of modern therapy alone, the immunostimulatory effect of radiotherapy attracted increasing attention. The combined use of radiotherapy and modern therapy has been examined clinically and non-clinically, and its effectiveness has been confirmed recently. Because melanomas have high immunogenicity, better therapeutic outcomes are desired when using immunotherapy. However, sufficient therapeutic effects have not yet been achieved. Thus far, radiotherapy has been used only for local control of tumors. Although extremely rare, radiotherapy has also been reported for systemic control, i.e., abscopal effect. This is thought to be due to an antitumor immune response. Therefore, we herein summarize past information on not only the mechanism of immune effects on radiotherapy but also biomarkers reported in case reports on abscopal effects. We also reviewed the animal model suitable for evaluating abscopal effects. These results pave the way for further basic research or clinical studies on new treatment methods for melanoma. Currently, palliative radiation is administered to patients with metastatic melanoma for local control. If it is feasible to provide both systemic and local control, the treatment benefit for the patients is very large.

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Radiation generates an abscopal response and complete resolution of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: a case report

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

The systemic immunostimulatory effects of radiation therapy producing overall tumor control through the abscopal effect

The systemic immunostimulatory effects of radiation therapy producing overall tumor control through the abscopal effect

Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes?

Immunostimulatory Effects of Radiotherapy for Local and Systemic Control of Melanoma: A Review

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