Radiation hardness of two-dimensional focal plane detector arrays for LWIR/VLWIR space sounding missions

Weber, A.; Belzner, W.; Haas, L. D.; Hanna, S.; Hofmann, K.; Neef, A.; Reder, M.C.; Stifter, P.; Wendler, J.; Ziegler, Johann; Nothaft, H.-P.

doi:10.1109/radecs.2011.6131408

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The N + area of the N + /P photodiode is doped with In or B. A bump bonding is used to connect the cathode to the CMOS readout circuit [23]. Although this device is not irradiated, we choose to present its results because, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that DC-RTS amplitudes are reported in such a device that is today considered for space mission where the radiation environment is known to creates defects inducing dark current [23], [24] and DC-RTS in other technologies.…”

Section: A Hgcdte-based Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Current Random Telegraph Signals in Solid-State Image Sensors

Virmontois

Goiffon

Robbins

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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International audienceThis paper focuses on the Dark Current-Random Telegraph Signal (DC-RTS) in solid-state image sensors. The DC-RTS is investigated in several bulk materials, for different surface interfaces and for different trench isolation interfaces. The main parameter used to characterize the DC-RTS is the transition maximum amplitude which seems to be the most appropriate for studying the phenomenon and identifying its origin. Proton, neutron and Co-60 Gamma-ray irradiations are used to study DC-RTS induced by both Total Ionizing Dose (TID) and Displacement damage (Dd) dose. Conclusions are drawn by analyzing the correlation between the exponential slope of the transition maximum amplitude histogram and the location of the DC-RTS-induced defects. The presented results can be extrapolated to predict DC-RTS distributions in various kinds of solid state image sensors

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Section: A Hgcdte-based Imagersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Current Random Telegraph Signals in Solid-State Image Sensors

Virmontois

Goiffon

Robbins

et al. 2013

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…HgCdTe photodiode arrays have been tested for radiation damage and showed little impact from radiation damage expected for the JWST mission. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] The only degradation found was a slight decrease in the responsivity and a slight increase in dark current. HgCdTe APD arrays are relative new and no data on the radiation damage are available at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications

Sun

Abshire

Lauenstein

et al. 2018

Infrared Technology and Applications XLIV

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We report the results from proton and gamma ray radiation testing of HgCdTe avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays developed by Leonardo DRS for space lidar detectors. We tested these devices with both ~60 MeV protons and gamma rays, with and without the read out integrated circuit (ROIC). We also measured the transient responses with the device fully powered and with the APD gain from unity to >1000. The detectors produced a large current impulse in response to each proton hit but the response completely recovered within 1 µs. The devices started to have persistent damage at a proton fluence of 7e10 protons/cm 2 , equivalent to 10 krad(Si) total ionization dose. The dark current became much higher after the device was warmed to room temperature and cooled to 80K again, but it completely annealed after baking at 85°C for several hours. These results showed the HgCdTe APD arrays are suitable for use in space lidar for typical Earth orbiting and planetary missions provided that provisions are made to heat the detector chip to 85°C for several hours after radiation damage becomes evident that system performance is impacted.

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“…A series of studies have been conducted and some results have been obtained for the TID effect of IRFPA at home and abroad. Qiao Hui et al studied the effect of γ radiation on the dark current of HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors and observed the increase of dark current after irradiation; 5 Yann Hello et al investigated the TID effect of IRFPA and tested that the dark current changed significantly; 6 Min Su Lee et al conducted a study on the radiation hardening of the 0.35µm process readout circuit; 7 Weber et al studied the TID effect of HgCdTe IRFPA at 55 K and observed a significant degradation of the output level after irradiation; 8 Cherniak et al conducted a study on the TID effect of InGaAs IRFPA and observed a significant increase of the bias current after irradiation. 9 At present, the research on the TID effect of infrared photovoltaic detectors at home and abroad is more comprehensive, but the research on the TID effect of IRFPA is less.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total ionizing dose effects on HgCdTe infrared focal plane arrays

Zou,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Third International Computing Imaging Conference (CITA 2023)

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The study of the effect of γ-rays on the characteristic parameters of the HgCdTe Infrared Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPA) was carried out to address the problem of degradation of the characteristic parameters of IRFPA after irradiated by energetic particles in the space environment. The HgCdTe IRFPA was irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and annealed at 77K after irradiation. The dark current, responsivity, detectivity, and other characteristics of the IRFPA were compared before and after irradiation and annealing to summarize the changes of the IRFPA characteristics and to analyze the radiation effect mechanism of IRFPA. The experimental results show that as irradiation dose increases, the dark current decreases, and the responsivity decreases. After annealing at 77K, the degradation of the characteristic parameters caused by irradiation is restored. We believe that the effect of ionizing radiation leads to the decrease of Op-amp gain and threshold voltage drift of MOS, resulting in the degradation of the characteristic parameters.

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Radiation hardness of two-dimensional focal plane detector arrays for LWIR/VLWIR space sounding missions

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Dark Current Random Telegraph Signals in Solid-State Image Sensors

Dark Current Random Telegraph Signals in Solid-State Image Sensors

Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications

Total ionizing dose effects on HgCdTe infrared focal plane arrays

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