Radiation-Induced Degradation of Organic Compounds and Radiation Technologies for Purification of Aqueous Systems

Abstract

Environmental application of radiation technologies is an important part of radiation processing. Radiation treatment of aqueous systems contaminated with organic compounds is a promising method of water and wastewater purification and corresponding technologies are being developed. In this chapter, the following aspects of radiation treatment process are considered: sources of contamination and major contaminants of water and wastewater; primary processes in aqueous systems initiated by ionizing radiation; principal ways of contaminant conversion as consequences of primary processes (complete mineralization of organic compounds, partial decomposition of organic molecules resulted in detoxification, decolorization, disinfection of polluted water, and improvement in biological degradation of contaminant, polymerization of monomers' contaminants, oxidation-reduction processes, and coagulation of colloids); sources of ionizing radiation; and main equipment applied in radiation technologies of aqueous system purification.

The Green Method in Water Management: Electron Beam Treatment

“…Thus, the simultaneity and diversity of chemical and phase transformations of pollutants during ELT makes it expedient to use combined approaches. ,, For example, the radiolytic conversion of pollutants into volatile products encourages a combination of ELT with subsequent forced degassing . To remove suspended particles resulting from ELT, it is advisible to use subsequent coagulation, flotation, or sedimentation.…”

“…To date, researchers have proven that ELT of water is an effective, high-speed, well-reproducible technique with reliable controllability by digital methods. The mechanism and general laws of radiolytic transformations of aqueous solutions are thoroughly studied. ,− The reactivity of intermediates in reactions with various inorganic and organic components of natural waters and wastewaters has been measured. − A generalized mathematical model has been developed that is suitable for simulating the radiolytic transformations of dissolved compounds and gas formation in water. , …”

Sequential electron beam and bioflocculation for treatment of textile nanodyes

“…18 It was noted that increasing the dose above 7.5 kGy didn't improve decolorization as expected as the brown colour remained. 44 that the yield of decolorization decreased with increasing absorbed dose, since the rate constants of radicals' reactions with original dye molecules and with the products of dye degradation are of the same order; therefore, while the concentration of the latter increases during irradiation, the fraction of radicals in reactions with those products also increases, thereby reducing the fraction of radicals required for “decolorization” of the original dye molecules. 44 …”

Advanced Electron Beam (EB) Wastewater Treatment System with Low Background X-ray Intensity Generation

“…The high purification degree of sewage provided by EB treatment, and unachievable in some cases by conventional purification technologies, is the one of the most important advantages of radiation treatment of wastewater [12,13]. Moreover, detailed knowledge on the radiation mechanism of organic compounds conversion and decomposition, including available qualitative and quantitative data on primary events of energy absorption is another strong point of radiation-based wastewater treatment [14]. Additionally, while using electricity to generate electrons, the EB accelerators used in the industry are tools with a conventional turn on and off system, therefore, they do not face the security, transportation, storage, and disposal issues that gamma-ray emitting sources, such as cobalt-60 cells confront.…”