Radiation induced effects on the physical properties of bioequivalent membrane cellulose acetate

γ-Radiation Induced Changes in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Lignocellulose

“…The efficiency of these two types of reactions depends mainly on the polymer structure and radiation dose . The radiation effects on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of other polymers have been studied extensively. − Several studies 5,7,10,11 have shown that the irradiation of cotton cellulose deteriorated the mechanical parameters due to the chain scission reaction within the cellulose molecules. Takács and co-workers − have reported that the high-energy radiation cause a decrease in the degree of polymerization and an increase in the carbonyl content of cotton cellulose.…”

Quantitatively evaluation of the effects of γ-irradiation dose and time on the structure and properties of lignin

“…Comparing to the referenced as-received lignin, it was found that all lignins after γ-irradiation showed greatly reduced [η] values. This indicated that the M W of lignin would be greatly reduced by γ-irradiation even by a small dose (Campbell 1981;Charlesby 1981;Dziedziela and Kotynska 1984;Leonhardt et al 1985;Phillips and Arthur 1985;Youssef et al 1996;Takacs et al 1999;Takacs et al 2000;Khan et al 2006;Kuzina et al 2011). In terms of Figure 1, it was importantly found that the γ-irradiation dose increased from zero to 500 kGy would cause a decrease of the viscosity of lignin to about 50%.…”

“…At this stage, the effect of irradiation dose and time on the thermal stability of those lignin was compared and found that the increase of both the D and t would enhance the lignin degradation, especially the D increased to at 300 kGy (Figure 4 top) or t at 24 h at 100 kGy (Figure 4 bottom). Though this finding seems to be different than that of the irradiation effect on other lignocellulosics (Campbell 1981;Charlesby 1981;Dziedziela and Kotynska 1984;Leonhardt et al 1985;Phillips and Arthur 1985;Youssef et al 1996;Takacs et al 1999;Takacs et al 2000;Fernandes et al 2006;Khan et al 2006;Chung et al 2009;Kuzina et al 2011), Figure 4 showed TG curves are reasonable because this related to the thermal properties of pure alkali lignin it is usually thermal stably at certain thermal condition (Brauns and Brauns 1960) that unlike the complex lignocellulosics with most non-carbon ring structure (Martınez et al 1999;Takacs et al 2000;Fernandes et al 2006;Khan et al 2006;Chung et al 2009;Kuzina et al 2011).…”

“…the use of ionic liquid directly (Li et al 2010;Liu et al 2018), the sulfonation of lignin to form the soluble lignosulfonate (Brauns and Brauns 1960;Shen et al 2008;Dong and Shen 2009;Zhou et al 2010;Luo et al 2012) or the application of irradiation as the same as other polymers (Williams et al 1975;Campbell 1981;Charlesby 1981). Yet, the irradiation has been applied for modification of cellulosics (Dziedziela and Kotynska 1984;Leonhardt et al 1985;Phillips and Arthur 1985;Youssef et al 1996;Takacs et al 1999;Takacs et al 2000) and lignocellulosics (Khan et al 2006;Kuzina et al 2011). According to Khan et al, the increase of radiation dose would degrade the chemical stability and reduce the thermal and mechanical properties of jute (Khan et al 2006).…”