Radiation Induced Polyploidy in<i>Nigella Damascena</i>

Moutschen-Dahmen, J.; Moutschen-Dahmen, M.

doi:10.1080/00087114.1970.10796390

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gamma irradiation (Moutschen‐Dahmen & Moutschen‐Dahmen, 1970) and tissue culture (Murashige & Nakano, 1966; Ogura, 1990) can generate polyploids in plant species. Tissue culture is a powerful tool for plant breeding and genetic improvement programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

et al. 2023

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Ploidy manipulation has been used in many crop improvement programs to develop plant species with wider adaptability and desirable traits. The objectives of this study were to create stable tetraploid centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) lines and evaluate them for beneficial traits. To generate polyploid lines, “TifBlair” (2n = 2x = 18) seeds were exposed to gamma radiation and callus was generated using tissue culture, exposed to glyphosate and regenerated into plantlets. After 5 years of continuous propagation, two lines, Hongliang Wang (HW)16 and HW123, were found to be tetraploid, and one line, HW61, was found to be a mixoploid using flow cytometry and chromosome counts. Nuclear DNA contents for diploid and tetraploid lines ranged from 1.97 to 2.10 and 4.14 to 4.30 pg 2C−1, respectively. Ten centipedegrass lines were genotyped using seven simple sequence repeat markers and clustered by origin (derived from TifBlair or the University of Georgia breeding program). Six lines were evaluated for morphological and physiological traits under greenhouse conditions. Trait evaluation showed that tetraploid lines had larger stomata and leaf width and reduced stomatal density. For all other traits evaluated under greenhouse conditions, although significant differences were observed between lines, no consistent differences separated diploid and tetraploid lines. Between the tetraploid lines, HW16 had higher evapotranspiration, percentage green cover, and relative water content than HW123, whereas HW123 had a higher average clipping yield and root width than HW16. In conclusion, irradiation and tissue culture are valuable techniques for the generation of stable polyploid lines, and an increased ploidy level led to larger vegetative structures in centipedegrass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

et al. 2023

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“…Polyploidy in somatic cells can be induced by the disruption of chromosome disjunction at anaphase of mitosis. Several stress factors such as temperature shock, plant injury, or X-irradiation are used for this purpose [57]. The best results are obtained by applying very high or very low temperatures at the initial embryogenesis stage during the zygote's first divisions.…”

Section: Somatic Polyploidisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy in Industrial Crops: Applications and Perspectives in Plant Breeding

et al. 2021

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Polyploidisation is an important process in the evolution of many plant species. An additional set of chromosomes can be derived from intraspecific genome duplication (autopolyploidy) or hybridising divergent genomes and chromosome doubling (allopolyploidy). Special forms of polyploidy are autoallopolyploidy and segmental allopolyploidy. Polyploidy arises from two basic processes: spontaneously occurring disturbances of meiotic division and induced by antimitotic agents’ disruption of mitosis. The first involves the induction and fusion of unreduced gametes, resulting in the formation of triploids and tetraploids. The second process uses antimitotics that disrupt cellular microtubules and prevent chromosome’s sister chromatids motion during anaphase. Colchicine, oryzalin, and trifluralin are the most commonly used antimitotics for inducing polyploids in plants. The exposure time and concentration of the antimitotics and the species, cultivar, genotype, and tissue type affect the efficiency of genome duplication. Polyploids are distinguished from diploids by increased cell size and vegetative parts of plants and increased content of secondary metabolites. Genome duplication generates several changes at the epigenetic level resulting in altered gene expression. Polyploidisation is used in plant breeding to overcome the non-viability and infertility of interspecific hybrids, obtain seedless polyploid cultivars and increase resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors.

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Dose Rate, Mitotic Cycle Duration, and Sensitivity of Cell Transitions from G1 → S and G2 → M to Protracted Gamma Radiation in Root Meristems

Evans¹,

Hof²

1975

Radiation Research

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Radiation Induced Polyploidy inNigella Damascena

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

Polyploidy in Industrial Crops: Applications and Perspectives in Plant Breeding

Dose Rate, Mitotic Cycle Duration, and Sensitivity of Cell Transitions from G1 → S and G2 → M to Protracted Gamma Radiation in Root Meristems

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